PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFÁRIK UNIVERSITY IN KOŠICE
FACULTY OF MEDICINE	
THESIS TITLE
	
Diploma thesis

2018
Name Surname		

PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFÁRIK UNIVERSITY IN KOŠICE
FACULTY OF MEDICINE	
THESIS TITLE
	
Diploma thesis

Study programme:	General Medicine (Doctoral study, 2nd level degree programme, full-time form)	
Study branch	7.1.1. General Medicine	
Supervising unit:	Name of the Department / Clinic	
Thesis supervisor:	Title. Name Surname, Title	
Thesis consultant:
(optional) 	Title. Name Surname, Title 	
	
2018
Name Surname		
THESIS ASSIGNMENT 
Please insert here the Thesis Assignment with a barcode as generated from the AIS. 
a) In the electronic form, the ideal way to insert it is as a “jpg” image.
b) In the printed version of the Diploma thesis (in hardcover binding) it necessary to include the original (hard copy) of the Thesis Assignment.

INSTRUCTIONS HOW TO USE THIS TEMPLATE
Explanation of colours:
‒	text in black colour is fixed and obligatory
‒	text in red colour should be replaced with own text; also in this template in red colour various examples are provided for your inspiration 
‒	text in blue colour highlights useful tips for writing the Diploma thesis

FORMAT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DIPLOMA THESIS 
- Font: Times New Roman, size 12; including Titles of Chapters
- Spacing: 1.5 lines
- Margins: 3.5 cm left, 2.0 cm right, 2.5 cm top/bottom
- Colours: The text should be written in black. Pictures and charts may be in colour.

In the academic year 2017/2018 this template serves as a supporting document for the completion of the Diploma Thesis. Should there be any discrepancies between this template and the Directive No. 1/2011 on the essential features of the final work, the Directive is the decisive document. 

				ANALYTICAL SHEET

Author: 			Name Surname
Thesis title: 	Diploma thesis title	 
Language of the thesis: 	English
Type of thesis: 		Diploma work
Number of pages:		xx – insert number of pages, e.g. 82
Academic degree 
being awarded: 		MUDr. (equivalent to M.D. degree)
University: 			Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice
Faculty:			Faculty of Medicine
Department:			Name of the Department / Clinic 
Study branch:		7.1.1. General Medicine
Study programme:	General Medicine (Doctoral study, 2nd level degree programme, full-time form)
City: 				Kosice
Supervisor: 			Title. Name Surname, Title 
Consultant:			Title. Name Surname, Title (optional)
Date of submission:		dd.mm.rrrr (day.month.year)
Keywords EN: 	first keyword, second keyword, third keyword  (3-5 words)
Thesis title in 
Slovak language: 	Title of the Diploma thesis in Slovak language
Keywords SK: 	prvé slovo, druhé slovo, tretie slovo (3-5 words)	

Acknowledgement (optional)
Here you can express your gratitude to your supervisor or consultant for valuable comments, suggestions, and assistance during the process of writing the Diploma thesis. It is not usual to thank for routine control, minor collaboration or general advice.

Grant support (optional)
This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. APVV-xx-xxxx.

ABSTRACT
The abstract is written in an impersonal style in the third person singular. It should be a brief, but concise characteristics of the Diploma thesis. The abstract contains information about the main aim of the work, its content, research methods, summary of the main outcomes, and the importance of the work. The abstract is written as a block of text without indention of the first line. It should be supplemented with 3 to 5 keywords. The length of the abstracts should be between 100 and 500 words.

Keywords: first keyword, second keyword, third keyword, fourth keyword, fifth keyword

ABSTRAKT
It is necessary to translate the Abstract into Slovak language. This is needed for integration of a thesis into library database systems (eg. The Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations). The text of the abstract in Slovak language should a precise translation of the text in English language.

Kľúčové slová: prvé slovo, druhé slovo, tretie slovo, štvrté slovo, piate slovo

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT
ABSTRAKT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
LIST OF GRAPHS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF APPENDICES
1.	TITLE OF THE CHAPTER
1.1.	Subheading
1.1.1.	Subheading
1.2.	Subheading
2.	Title of the chapter
2.1.	Subheading
2.1.1.	Subheading
2.2.	Subheading
2.2.1.	Subheading
2.3.	Subheading
2.3.1.	Subheading
2.4.	Subheading
2.4.1.	Subheading
3.	DISCUSSION
3.1.	Harvard system (author-date system)
3.2.	Vancouver system (author–number system)
SUMMARY
ZÁVER
REFERENCES (1st VERSION: HARVARD SYSTEM)
REFERENCES (2nd VERSION: VANCOUVER SYSTEM)
LIST OF APPENDICES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (Optional)
6MWT	6 Minute Walking Test	
AH	Arterial Hypertension 	
ACS	Acute Coronary Syndrome 	
SCORE	Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation	

		

		

		

		

LIST OF GRAPHS (Recommended if there will be more than 5 items in the list)
Graph 1	Comparison of changes in cardiovascular performance as assessed by exercise ergometry before and after the intervention...............................	
57	
Graph  2	Comparison of tolerance of physical activity as expressed in achieved METs before and after the intervention....................................................	
62	
Graph  3	Comparison of changes in ejection fraction.............................................	63	

			

			

			

LIST OF FIGURES (Recommended if there will be more than 5 items in the list)
Fig. 1	Risk factors of arteriosclerosis...................................................................	18	
Fig. 2	SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) based on the age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol.............................	
20	
Fig. 3	Age-standardised prevalence rate of CVD in Europe................................	22	

			

			

			

LIST OF TABLES (Recommended if there will be more than 5 items in the list)
Tab. 1	Bivariate relationship between exercise intensity and Borg’s rating of perceived exertion scale..................................................................................	
25	
Tab. 2	Comparison of the effect of aerobic and anaerobic training...........................	44	
Tab. 3	The effect of Nordic Walking training on cardiovascular performance.....................................................................................................	
47	

			

			

			

LIST OF APPENDICES (Optional)
Appendix 1	Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36 ....................................................	98	
Appendix 2	Cardiovascular Performance Program (CPP)........................................	101	
Appendix 3	Borg rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE scale) ...........................	102	

			

			

			

INTRODUCTION
This chapter makes a case for the significance of the problem, contextualizes the study, and provides an introduction to its basic components. The introduction includes an overview of the purpose and focus of the study, why it is significant, how it was conducted, and how it will contribute to professional knowledge and clinical practice. It should be informative and able to stand alone as a document. Introduction is not a numbered chapter. The length is usually 1 - 2 pages.
Introduction is a compulsory text part of the thesis. This is also the first page on which the page number should be visible, listed at the bottom of the page in the centre or aligned to the right.

1.	TITLE OF THE CHAPTER (1st level heading)
In the theoretical part of the thesis, the author presents the existing information and knowledge related to the topic, divided into several logical units. The ideas should move from more general to specific topics. The review of literature should build a logical framework for the research, justifying the study by conceptualizing gaps in the literature. The source of information should the most recently published articles, national or international. It is ideal to use in-extenso publications and avoid so-called “second-hand” citations. If possible, avoid using documents older than 10 years (for some fields no older 5 years).

1.1.	Subheading (2nd level heading)
The subchapters of the diploma thesis should help to divide the text of the diploma thesis into logical sections, leading to better orientation in the text. The length of a subchapter should be at least half a page.

1.1.1.	Subheading (3rd level heading)
The recommended length of the Diploma thesis is 50 - 70 pages (90,000 to 126,000 characters including spaces). Only the main text counts into the total number of pages; i.e. introduction, chapters of the theoretical part of the thesis, chapters of practical part (if applicable), discussion, summary and list of references. However, more important than the length of the work is the quality of the work. When writing a Diploma thesis it is also very important to pay attention to overall balance among the parts/sections of the thesis:  
‒	Introduction is usually 1-2 pages long,
‒	in case of theoretical type of Diploma thesis,  the theoretical-methodological part usually accounts for  30-40% of work, while the remaining chapters should create the rest of the thesis 
‒	in case that the Diploma thesis contains also practical part, the theoretical part of the  thesis (overview of the literature) should account for 40-50% of the work, while the practical part (methods, results, discussion) should make the rest of the thesis 
‒	the Summary is usually 2 – 3 pages long

1.2.	Subheading (2nd level heading)
Organize the text of your work in chapters and subchapters.  

2.	Title of the chapter  
In your thesis apart from simple texts you can also use schemes, figures, charts or tables in order to better illustrate the topic. This is an example how to organize a chapter containing tables, figures, and graphs.  
2.1.	Subheading 
2.1.1.	Subheading  
2.2.	Subheading  
2.2.1.	Subheading   
Tables and figures (graphs, schemes, pictures, drawings etc.) should be clearly described with specific heading/caption (e.g. Table, Graph, Figure) and should be numbered using one style from the beginning till the end of the work with Arabic numbers (1,2,3...). The numbering and the headings of the tables/figures have to be identical with the list of tables/figures.   
The number and caption of the table should be placed above the table. The source of the information should be placed below the table. 

Table 1. Description of the aerobic workload duration in the intervention and control groups
	Intervention group
(time / week)	Control group
(time / week)	
Stationary bicycle	30 min	30 min	
Hydrokinesiotherapy	30 min	30 min	
Traditional walking	‒	160 min	
Nordic walking	160 min	‒	
Overall duration	220 min	220 min	
Source: xxxxx

2.3.	Subheading 
2.3.1.	Subheading 
The text of the diploma thesis can be supplemented with figures, which can include illustrations, diagrams, maps, diagrams, photos etc. The figures should be integrated into the text, as close to the passages where they are dealt with as possible (preferably on the same page). If the illustrations are extensive or of a special nature, put them in separate appendices. Figures, like other floating objects, should be centred or left aligned with a small indention. 
Each figure or illustration in the thesis should be assigned with an Arabic numeral. These numbers can be used consecutively throughout the entire work (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.) or may be assigned a two-part Arabic numeral with the first number designating the chapter in which a figure appears, separated by a period, followed by a second number to indicate its consecutive placement in the chapter (e.g., Figure 3.2 is the second figure in Chapter Three). 

Figure 1. SCORE chart: 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease 
(Source: European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice, 2016)

2.4.	Subheading 
2.4.1.	Subheading  
Graphs/charts typically illustrate the results of statistical analyses. A caption, which is an identifier (category/label/prefix), sequential number, and description, is put below each graphs/charts. The text of the caption must be understandable even without the context. The graphs/charts should be integrated into the text, as close to the passages where they are dealt with as possible (preferably on the same page). Graphs/charts, like other floating objects, should be centred or left aligned with a small indention. 
Each graphs/charts in the thesis should be assigned with an Arabic numeral. These numbers can be used consecutively throughout the entire work (e.g., Graph 1, Graph 2, etc.) or may be assigned a two-part Arabic numeral with the first number designating the chapter in which it appears, separated by a period, followed by a second number to indicate its consecutive placement in the chapter (e.g., Graph 3.2 is the graph in Chapter Three).

Graph 1. Comparison of cardiovascular performance parameters changes as measured by Exercise Ergometry (W) before and after the intervention 

3.	DISCUSSION
The discussion is one of the most important parts of the Diploma thesis. This section provides an in-depth interpretation and synthesis of the results/finding, examining whether our findings corresponds with or contradicts previous findings. In Discussion section, it is recommended to mention other open (unresolved) research problems that merit further attention and that go beyond the recommended scope of the Diploma thesis. It is also suggested to provide a description of further activities that can be directly related to the study conclusions, such as practice implications. All in all, this chapter should reflect the contribution the author has made to the knowledge and clinical practice in his or her field of study. 
When referring to literature sources it is necessary to cite them according to some method recommended by the STN ISO 690: 2012. The two most frequently used are the:
1. Harvard system (author-date format)
2. Vancouver system (author–number system)

3.1.	Harvard system (author-date system)
When the Harvard system (author-date system) is used, the publication year is put after the author’s name. Example: Nordic Walking (NW, outdoor pole walking), in addition to regular walking, involves upper torso muscle groups, which increase the demands of cardiopulmonary performance (Piepoli et al., 2016; Chaloupka et al., 2006). Nordic walking increases oxygen consumption and heart rate in comparison to regular walking (Quell et al., 2002; Porcari et al., 1997). Significant differences have also been reported in calories consumption, heart rhythm changes and systolic/diastolic pressure parameters (Church et al., 2002; Porcari et al.,1997). 

3.2.	Vancouver system (author–number system)
The Vancouver system, also known as the author–number system, is a citation style that uses numbers within the text that refer to numbered entries in the reference list. References are numbered consecutively in order of appearance in the text – they are identified by Arabic numerals in parentheses (1), square brackets [1] or superscript1. If multiple citations of the same document follow in the text, they have the same number as at their first appearance in the text. Example: Nordic Walking (NW, outdoor pole walking), in addition to regular walking, involves upper torso muscle groups, which increase the demands of cardiopulmonary performance [1,2]. Nordic walking increases oxygen consumption and heart rate in comparison to regular walking [3,4]. Significant differences have also been reported in calories consumption, heart rhythm changes and systolic/diastolic pressure parameters [5,4]. 
A sequentially numbered reference list is provided at the end of the document with full details of the corresponding in-text reference.

SUMMARY
The Summary section of the Diploma thesis should briefly summarize the study results in relation to the stated objectives. Conclusions in the Summary should be based on an integration of the study findings, analysis, interpretation, and synthesis. They should not contain anything that is not in the text of the work and must follow the considerations and arguments of the thesis. The conclusions are not the same as findings; neither are conclusions the same as interpretations. Rather, conclusions are essentially conclusive statements of what you now know, having done this research that you did not know before.
The length is usually 1 - 2 pages.

ZÁVER
It is necessary to translate the Summary into Slovak language.

REFERENCES (1st VERSION: HARVARD SYSTEM)
CHALOUPKA, V. et al. 2006. Rehabilitace u nemocních s kardiovaskulárním onemocněním. Cor Vasa  48:K3–K31.
CHURCH, T.S., EARNEST, C.P., MORSS, GM. 2002. Field testing of physiological responses associated with Nordic Walking. Res Q Exerc Sport 73,3:296-300.
PIEPOLI, F.M. et al. 2016. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 37:2315–2381.
PORCARI, J.P., HENDRICKSON, T.L., WALTER, P.R., et al. 1997. The physiological responses to walking with and without Power poles on treadmill exercises. Res Q Exerc Sport 68, p. 161-166.
QUELL, K.J., PORCARI, J.P., FRANKLIN, B.A., et al. 2002. Is brisk walking an adequate aerobic training stimulus for cardiac patients? Chest 122,5:1852-1856.

If the Harvard system is used, references are listed alphabetically by the first author’s surname while the year of publication is shown after the author’s name. 

In Diploma thesis, it is necessary to refer to the relevant number of literature sources. The ideal number of references ranges between 50-70 references. 

REFERENCES (2nd VERSION: VANCOUVER SYSTEM)
[1]	PIEPOLI, F.M. et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2016,37:2315–2381.
[2]	CHALOUPKA, V. et al. Rehabilitace u nemocních s kardiovaskulárním onemocněním. Cor Vasa 2006; 48:K3–K31.
[3]	QUELL, K.J., PORCARI, J.P., FRANKLIN, B.A., et al. Is brisk walking an adequate aerobic training stimulus for cardiac patients? Chest 2002, 122,5:1852-1856.
[4]	PORCARI, J.P., HENDRICKSON, T.L., WALTER, P.R., et al.. The physiological responses to walking with and without Power poles on treadmill exercises. Res Q Exerc Sport 1997, 68, p. 161-166.
[5]	CHURCH, T.S., EARNEST, C.P., MORSS, GM. Field testing of physiological responses associated with Nordic Walking. Res Q Exerc Sport 2002,73,3:296-300

If the Vancouver system is used, references are arranged in a numbered list of bibliographic references according to their sequential numbers, which correspond with their first occurrence in the text. 

LIST OF APPENDICES (Optional)
Appendix 1	Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36 ..................................................	98	
Appendix 2	Cardiovascular Performance Program (CPP)........................................	101	
Appendix 3	Borg rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE scale) ...........................	102	

This part of the Diploma thesis contains a list of all Appendices, including electronic media. The Appendices encompass information that broadens and further explains and illustrates the procedures and techniques used in the main text of the thesis. Referring to the Appendices in the text of the thesis follows the same rules as referring to the tables or figures (i.e. using Arabic numbering). 
Each Appendix should begin on a new page and should be assigned a number and a caption (Appendix 1. Title of the appendix, Appendix 2, ...). The identification information (number and caption) should be found also on the attached disks, CDs or other electronic media. 

The  pages with Appendices are not included in the total page count.

Appendix 1. Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36 

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