Applicants are required to have general knowledges in chemistry of the first degree of university studies in Chemistry study programme and knowledges in analytical chemistry of the secod degree of university studies in Analytical Chemistry study programme. The ability to work with scientific papers is a must.
Analytical Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry. Basic definitions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis. Analytical method, evaluation of analysis results. Sensitivity and selectivity of reactions. Group, selective and specific reactions. Principle and use of gravimetric analysis. Volumetric analysis. Classification of volumetric methods: acid-base, ox-red, complex-forming and precipitation titrations. Calculation of results of volumetric analysis. Instrumental analytical methods. Classification, basic concepts and terminology. Main components of analytical instruments. Absolute and relative methods. Linear and non-linear response. Errors of analytical measurements and processing of the results. Resolution ability, range of determination, detection limit. Calibration plot. Spectral and optical methods of analysis (principle, laws and basic mathematical relations, devices, detectors, using). Basic components of instruments in spectral analysis. Light sources. Monochromatization. Absorbance. UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Luminescence analysis. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy. Flame photometry. Mass spectrometry. Refractometry. Polarimetry. Optical rotatory dispersion. Circular dichroism. Analytical methods based on RTG radiation. NMR spectroscopy. Radiochemical analysis. Activation analysis. Kinetic methods of analysis. Thermal analysis. Separation and preconcentration methods (principles, laws and basic mathematical relations, devices, detectors, using). Distillation. Extraction. Gas, liquid, ion-exchange, paper chromatography. Electrochemical methods (principles, laws and basic mathematical relations, devices, detectors, using). Potentiometry. Electrogravimetric methods. Conductometry. Coulometry. Voltammetry. Polarography. Amperometric titration.
Spectral analytical methods
Optical analytical methods, principles, classification. Atomic spectra, formation, analytical use. Major differences between emission and absorption methods. Excitation sources, light sources in AAS (arc and spark ablation, glow discharge, plasma excitation source, a hollow cathode, electrodeless radiation sources in AAS). Decomposition of radiation in atomic spectrochemistry. Modern devices for decomposition of radiation. Detection of radiation in atomic spectrochemitry. Historical development and modern trends. Photographic detection and its pecularities. Measurement and transformation of blackenings. Conventional steps of spectrographic analysis, matrix effects and their elimination. Comparative element method. Methods and procedures of solution analysis. Spraying of solutions and its effectiveness. Glow discharge from the cathode surface, the possibility of quantitative analysis and analysis of surfaces. Analysis of non-metallic powder samples. Special possibilities of using the hollow cathode. Spectrometric analysis using the plasma source and introduction of powder into the plasma, examples of the use of analysis of unconventional materials. Performance of analytical calibration in atomic spektrochemistry, model samples, reference materials. Atomic absorption spectrometry, flame and flameless methods. Possibilities of direct analysis of powders. Matrix modifiers and their action. Atomic absorption spectrometry with direct introduction of powdered samples, different types of electro-chemical atomization, problems of homogeneity of samples. Methods based on the interaction of RTG radiation with the sample: WDXRF, EDXRF, TXRF – advantages, disadvantages, applications. UV-VIS and IR spectrophotometry. Principle. Instrumental scheme. Light monochromatization. Detectors. Use-utilization (qualitative, quantitative and structural analysi). Luminescent analysis. Principle. Instrumental scheme. Molecular structure of a fluorescent compound. Fluorescence. Phosphorescence. Utilization in analytical chemistry.
