{"id":16455,"date":"2021-03-11T17:58:07","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T17:58:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/actual-news\/24497\/"},"modified":"2022-09-28T12:16:51","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T12:16:51","slug":"24497","status":"publish","type":"cpt_aktualne_spravy","link":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/actual-news\/24497\/","title":{"rendered":"Potravn\u00fd re\u0165azec jaskynn\u00fdch pred\u00e1torov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podzemn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my s\u00fa tajuplnou, starostlivo ukrytou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pr\u00edrody, av\u0161ak hraj\u00fa jednu z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch \u00faloh v\u00a0spleti \u017eivota na Zemi. Pri spolup\u00f4soben\u00ed rozmanit\u00fdch organizmov v nich prebieha kolobeh l\u00e1tok a\u00a0tok energie, mnoh\u00fdm druhom \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov poskytuj\u00fa bezpe\u010dn\u00fd trval\u00fd, \u010di do\u010dasn\u00fd \u00fakryt pred nepriazniv\u00fdmi vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi vplyvmi a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa sa tu d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00e1soby pitnej vody. \u00a0<strong>Jaskyne predstavuj\u00fa br\u00e1nu do podzemia a\u00a0pon\u00fakaj\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 \u0161tudova\u0165 skryt\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my,<\/strong> ktor\u00fdch fungovanie nie je st\u00e1le dostato\u010dne pochopen\u00e9. U\u00a0n\u00e1s sa <strong>odha\u013eovan\u00edm diverzity jaskynn\u00fdch organizmov v Z\u00e1padn\u00fdch Karpatoch, ale aj na Balk\u00e1nskom polostrove<\/strong> dlhodobo zaober\u00e1 <strong><em>v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 skupina profesora Kov\u00e1\u010da<\/em><\/strong>, p\u00f4sobiaca na <strong>\u00dastave biologick\u00fdch a ekologick\u00fdch vied Pr\u00edrodovedeckej fakulty UPJ\u0160 v\u00a0Ko\u0161iciach.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"width:100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/1a.jpg\" style=\"width:100%\" \/><\/td>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/2-8.jpg\" style=\"width:100%\" \/><\/td>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/3a.jpg\" style=\"width:100%\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Jaskynn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nkono\u017ece:\u00a0pav\u00fak, \u0161\u0165\u00farovka a\u00a0\u017ei\u017eiavka (Foto: \u013d. Kov\u00e1\u010d).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>V\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm<\/strong> \u00faspe\u0161ne odha\u013euje ekologick\u00e9 v\u00e4zby\u00a0 jaskynn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov na faktory prostredia, ich ekofyziologick\u00e9 parametre, fylogen\u00e9zu a\u00a0evol\u00faciu vybran\u00fdch druhov na z\u00e1klade d\u00f4kladn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fadia morfologick\u00fdch (vonkaj\u0161\u00edch) znakov a anal\u00fdzy molekul\u00e1rnych markerov DNA. T\u00edm sa zameriava aj na odha\u013eovanie interakci\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek subter\u00e1nneho syst\u00e9mu a\u00a0postupn\u00e9 odha\u013eovanie jeho potravnej (trofickej) siete. Zistilo sa, \u017ee v jaskynnom v\u00a0prostred\u00ed s\u00fa tieto potravn\u00e9 siete ove\u013ea komplikovanej\u0161ie, ako sa p\u00f4vodne predpokladalo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kolegom z\u00a0na\u0161ej fakulty sa podarilo <strong>v\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0pracovn\u00edkmi\u00a0Masarykovej univerzity v\u00a0Brne<\/strong> publikova\u0165 \u0161t\u00fadiu v\u00a0prest\u00ed\u017enom \u010dasopise Scientific Reports. Zamerali sa na odhalenie trofickej siete a\u00a0vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov pred\u00e1torov jask\u00fd\u0148. Prv\u00fdm autorom tejto publik\u00e1cie je <strong><em>doktorka Andrea Parimuchov\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>, mlad\u00e1 vedeck\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed\u010dka z\u00a0<strong>Katedry zool\u00f3gie \u00daBEV<\/strong> Pr\u00edrodovedeckej fakulty UPJ\u0160 v Ko\u0161iciach.<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" style=\"width:80%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 40%;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/4-6.jpg\" style=\"float:right; width:80%\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/5-5.jpg\" style=\"width:90%\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>V\u00fdskum prebiehal v\u00a0Ardovskej jaskyni v\u00a0Slovenskom krase. Dr. Parimuchov\u00e1 pri odbere vzoriek \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov (Foto: \u013d. Kov\u00e1\u010d).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ako modelov\u00e9 prostredie posl\u00fa\u017eila Ardovsk\u00e1 jasky\u0148a v\u00a0Slovenskom krase s ve\u013emi unik\u00e1tnym zlo\u017een\u00edm fauny. Na odhalenie spom\u00ednanej potravnej siete boli vyu\u017eit\u00e9 modern\u00e9 molekul\u00e1rne met\u00f3dy (Next Generation Sequencing) so zameran\u00edm na detekciu koristi v\u00a0tel\u00e1ch pred\u00e1torov, ktor\u00e9 v\u00a0jaskyni dominuj\u00fa. Typick\u00fdmi pred\u00e1tormi s\u00fa rozto\u010de, chrob\u00e1ky a\u00a0pav\u00faky, a\u00a0predpokladalo sa, \u017ee medzi nich patria aj \u0161\u0165\u00farovky. Ich potenci\u00e1lnou koris\u0165ou s\u00fa viacer\u00e9 skupiny \u010dl\u00e1nkono\u017ecov, ktor\u00e9 tie\u017e ob\u00fdvaj\u00fa jaskynn\u00e9 prostredie. Pre porovnanie absol\u00fatnej a relat\u00edvnej ve\u013ekosti tela koristi jednotliv\u00fdch pred\u00e1torov boli vyu\u017eit\u00e9 generalizovan\u00e9 line\u00e1rne modely.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/67.jpg\" style=\"width:100%\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Vyhodnotenie ve\u013ekosti koristi pre 5 druhov pred\u00e1torov a\u00a0 relat\u00edvnej ve\u013ekosti tela pred\u00e1torov. Modr\u00e1 \u010diara indikuje priemern\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165. \u0160\u0165\u00farovky a\u00a0rozto\u010de sa \u017eivia relat\u00edvne ve\u013ekou koris\u0165ou vo\u010di svojmu telu. Prevzat\u00e9 z\u00a0Parimuchov\u00e1 et al. (2021).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee chrob\u00e1ky rodu <em>Quedius<\/em> lovili relat\u00edvne mal\u00fa koris\u0165 (men\u0161iu ne\u017e s\u00fa oni sami), zatia\u013e \u010do \u0161\u0165\u00farovky rodu <em>Eukoenenia <\/em>a\u00a0rozto\u010de rodu <em>Parasitus<\/em> sa \u017eivili relat\u00edvne ve\u013ekou koris\u0165ou. Tieto drobn\u00e9 pred\u00e1tory zrejme konzumuj\u00fa vaj\u00ed\u010dka svojej ve\u013ekej koristi, pr\u00edpadne ich m\u0155tve tel\u00e1. U v\u0161etk\u00fdch pred\u00e1torov sa zistil vysok\u00fd podiel intragildovej pred\u00e1cie, teda to, \u017ee pred\u00e1tory v\u00a0tomto jaskynnom syst\u00e9me si \u010dastokr\u00e1t vyberaj\u00fa ako koris\u0165 pred\u00e1tory z\u00a0in\u00fdch skup\u00edn \u010dl\u00e1nkono\u017ecov a\u00a0tzv. vrcholov\u00fd pred\u00e1tor v\u00a0podzemnom ekosyst\u00e9me neexistuje. U rozto\u010dov a chrob\u00e1kov bola zisten\u00e1 vn\u00fatrodruhov\u00e1 konzum\u00e1cia (kanibalizmus). Hodnoty Piankovho indexu pouk\u00e1zali na najvy\u0161\u0161ie prekrytia trofickej niky (konzum\u00e1ciu rovnakej koristi) medzi pav\u00fakmi rodu <em>Porrhomma<\/em> a\u00a0rozto\u010dmi rodu <em>Parasitus<\/em>, a\u00a0\u010falej medzi pav\u00fakmi rodu <em>Centromerus <\/em>a\u00a0\u0161\u0165\u00farovkami rodu <em>Eukoenenia<\/em>. Dvojkr\u00eddlovce a rovnakon\u00f4\u017eky neboli potvrden\u00e9 ako prevl\u00e1daj\u00faca koris\u0165 pred\u00e1torov, a to napriek ich hojn\u00e9mu v\u00fdskytu v jaskyni.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/8-1.jpg\" style=\"width:80%\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Identifikovan\u00e1 trofick\u00e1 sie\u0165 medzi piatimi pred\u00e1tormi. Hr\u00fabka \u010diary indikuje mieru konzum\u00e1cie jedincov druhu. Rozto\u010de a\u00a0chrob\u00e1ky Quedius vykazuj\u00fa vn\u00fatrodruhov\u00fa konzum\u00e1ciu, konzumuj\u00fa teda jedince vlastn\u00e9ho druhu. Prevzat\u00e9 z\u00a0Parimuchov\u00e1 et al. (2021).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Publikovan\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca<\/strong> pouk\u00e1zala na to, \u017ee v\u00fd\u017eiva v\u00a0r\u00e1mci rovnakej potravnej \u00farovne hr\u00e1 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu u pred\u00e1torov ob\u00fdvaj\u00facich podzemn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my. T\u00e1to <strong>\u0161t\u00fadia je z\u00e1rove\u0148 prv\u00fdm vedeck\u00fdm d\u00f4kazom, <\/strong>\u017ee \u0161\u0165\u00farovky (Palpigradi) sa \u017eivia v\u00fdhradne \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nou potravou. S\u00fa to unik\u00e1tne, vz\u00e1cne a st\u00e1le z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 jaskynn\u00e9 pav\u00fakovce, ktor\u00fdch potravn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky sa v tejto \u0161t\u00fadii podarilo napriek ich miniat\u00farnej ve\u013ekosti trochu viac poodhali\u0165.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Cit\u00e1cia publikovanej \u0161t\u00fadie:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Parimuchov\u00e1, A., Du\u0161\u00e1tkov\u00e1 Petr\u00e1kov\u00e1, L., Kov\u00e1\u010d, \u013d., Mach\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1, T., Slab\u00fd, O., Pek\u00e1r, S. 2021<em>. <\/em>The food web in a subterranean ecosystem is driven by intraguild predation. <em>Scientific Reports,<\/em> <strong>11, <\/strong>4994. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-84521-1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-84521-1<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Podzemn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my s\u00fa tajuplnou, starostlivo ukrytou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pr\u00edrody, av\u0161ak hraj\u00fa jednu z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch \u00faloh v spleti \u017eivota na Zemi. Jaskyne predstavuj\u00fa br\u00e1nu do podzemia a pon\u00fakaj\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 \u0161tudova\u0165 skryt\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, ktor\u00fdch fungovanie nie je st\u00e1le dostato\u010dne pochopen\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16463,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}"},"categories":[],"tags":[],"tax_aktuality":[],"acf":{"acf_link_na_externy_obsah":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Potravn\u00fd re\u0165azec jaskynn\u00fdch pred\u00e1torov - Pr\u00edrodovedeck\u00e1 fakulta | UPJ\u0160<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/actual-news\/24497\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Potravn\u00fd re\u0165azec jaskynn\u00fdch pred\u00e1torov - Pr\u00edrodovedeck\u00e1 fakulta | UPJ\u0160\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Podzemn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my s\u00fa tajuplnou, starostlivo ukrytou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pr\u00edrody, av\u0161ak hraj\u00fa jednu z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch \u00faloh v spleti \u017eivota na Zemi. Jaskyne predstavuj\u00fa br\u00e1nu do podzemia a pon\u00fakaj\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 \u0161tudova\u0165 skryt\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, ktor\u00fdch fungovanie nie je st\u00e1le dostato\u010dne pochopen\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/actual-news\/24497\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pr\u00edrodovedeck\u00e1 fakulta | UPJ\u0160\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-09-28T12:16:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/app\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2022\/09\/10-4.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"272\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 min\u00faty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/actual-news\/24497\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/actual-news\/24497\/\",\"name\":\"Potravn\u00fd re\u0165azec jaskynn\u00fdch pred\u00e1torov - 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