{"id":20415,"date":"2020-01-27T15:38:02","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T15:38:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/pracoviska\/ubev\/apu\/kg\/studium\/"},"modified":"2022-11-13T21:32:09","modified_gmt":"2022-11-13T20:32:09","slug":"studium","status":"publish","type":"cpt_pracoviska","link":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/pracoviska\/ustavy-pf\/ubev\/apu\/kg\/studium\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160t\u00fadium"},"content":{"rendered":"
Katedra genetiky zabezpe\u010duje v r\u00e1mci bakal\u00e1rskeho jednoodborov\u00e9ho a medziodborov\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fadia biol\u00f3gie predmet Genetika. Na magisterskom stupni zabezpe\u010duje pre \u0161tudijn\u00fd program Genetika a molekul\u00e1rna cytol\u00f3gia s\u00e9riu genetick\u00fdch subdiscipl\u00edn.\u00a0<\/p>\n
GENETIKA<\/strong> BIOTECHNOL\u00d3GIA RASTL\u00cdN<\/strong> EVOLU\u010cN\u00c1 BIOL\u00d3GIA\u00a0<\/strong> Cie\u013e predmetu:<\/strong> Pochopenie evolu\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu v pr\u00edrode na z\u00e1klade s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch poznatkov. GENETIKA \u010cLOVEKA<\/strong> MODELOV\u00c9 ORGANIZMY V GENETIKE<\/strong> CYTOGENETIKA A KARYOL\u00d3GIA<\/strong> BIOTECHNOL\u00d3GIA RASTL\u00cdN<\/strong> FUNK\u010cN\u00c1 GENOMIKA\u00a0<\/strong> GENETIKA POPUL\u00c1CI\u00cd<\/strong>
Cie\u013e predmetu:<\/strong> Osvoji\u0165 si z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 poznatky o dedi\u010dnosti a premenlivosti \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov s d\u00f4razom na v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 aspekty kontinuity \u017eivota.
Stru\u010dn\u00e1 osnova predmetu:<\/strong> \u017div\u00e1 pr\u00edroda ako integrovan\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 laborat\u00f3rium. Hist\u00f3ria a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav rozvoja genetiky. J. G. Mendel \u2013 zakladate\u013e genetiky. Mendelove genetick\u00e9 princ\u00edpy, epistatick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok g\u00e9nov, v\u00e4zba g\u00e9nov. Dedi\u010dnos\u0165 komplexn\u00fdch znakov. Heritabilita. Mapovanie genetick\u00fdch lokusov na chromoz\u00f3moch pomocou klasick\u00fdch a molekul\u00e1rno-genetick\u00fdch met\u00f3d. Genetick\u00e1 determin\u00e1cia pohlavia. Stru\u010dn\u00fd fylogenetick\u00fd preh\u013ead. Extrachromoz\u00f3mov\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 determinanty. Plastidov\u00e1 a mitochondri\u00e1lna dedi\u010dnos\u0165. Gen\u00f3mov\u00fd imprinting. Z\u00e1klady cytogenetiky, mut\u00e1cie a mutagen\u00e9za. Genetika prokaryotick\u00fdch organizmov. Genetick\u00e9 mechanizmy na subcelul\u00e1rnej \u00farovni. \u0160trukt\u00fara a funkcia DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA. Genetick\u00fd k\u00f3d. Mechanizmus replik\u00e1cie, transkripcie a transl\u00e1cie. Postransla\u010dn\u00e9 a postranskrip\u010dn\u00e9 modifik\u00e1cie. Regul\u00e1cia g\u00e9novej expresie v prokaryotick\u00fdch a eukaryotick\u00fdch organizmoch. Z\u00e1klady genetiky \u010dloveka. Fyziologick\u00e1 a patologick\u00e1 variabilita. Genetika popul\u00e1ci\u00ed. Hardyho-Weibergov z\u00e1kon. Faktory nar\u00fa\u0161aj\u00face rovnov\u00e1hu v popul\u00e1cii. Genetick\u00e9 manipul\u00e1cie in vitro. Projekt mapovania \u013eudsk\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu (HUGO). Sekvenovan\u00e9 gen\u00f3my a ich vyu\u017eitie v komparat\u00edvnej genomike. Geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organizmy.<\/p>\n
Cie\u013e predmetu:<\/strong> Osvoji\u0165 si teoretick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady genetiky a fyziol\u00f3gie rastlinn\u00fdch buniek a plet\u00edv v podmienkach in vitro<\/em> a ich praktick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie v biotechnol\u00f3gii rastl\u00edn. Nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 experiment\u00e1lnu zru\u010dnos\u0165 v technik\u00e1ch rastlinn\u00fdch explant\u00e1tov.
Stru\u010dn\u00e1 osnova predmetu:<\/strong> Genetika a fyziol\u00f3gia rastlinn\u00fdch bunkov\u00fdch kult\u00far, protoplastov, pletivov\u00fdch kult\u00far, embryoidov a org\u00e1nov kultivovan\u00fdch in vitro<\/em> v steriln\u00fdch podmienkach, ich v\u00fdznam a vyu\u017eitie vo vedeckom v\u00fdskume a praxi. Kryokonzerv\u00e1cia rastlinn\u00fdch explant\u00e1tov, imobilizovan\u00e9 bunkov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Genetick\u00e1 transform\u00e1cia rastlinn\u00fdch buniek a expresia cudz\u00edch g\u00e9nov v rastlin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Katedra genetiky zabezpe\u010duje \u010das\u0165 predmetu venovan\u00fa molekulovej evol\u00facii.<\/p>\n
Stru\u010dn\u00e1 osnova predmetu:<\/strong> Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky evol\u00facie \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov. Historick\u00fd poh\u013ead. Evol\u00facia \u017eivota. Element\u00e1rne \u010dinitele evol\u00facie: muta\u010dn\u00fd proces, popula\u010dn\u00e9 vlny, izol\u00e1cia. Pr\u00edrodn\u00fd v\u00fdber ako hybn\u00e1 sila evol\u00facie. Molekulov\u00e1 evol\u00facia. Evol\u00facia g\u00e9nov a gen\u00f3mov. Evolu\u010dn\u00e9 mechanizmy na \u00farovni popul\u00e1ci\u00ed. Evol\u00facia reproduk\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/strong> Vznik adapt\u00e1ci\u00ed a ich klasifik\u00e1cia. Koncepcia druhu. Probl\u00e9my makroevol\u00facie: evol\u00facia funkci\u00ed a org\u00e1nov, evol\u00facia ontogen\u00e9zy. Fylogen\u00e9za systematick\u00fdch skup\u00edn \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. Evolu\u010dn\u00fd progres. Antropogen\u00e9za. Evol\u00facia rastlinnej diverzity. Reproduk\u010dn\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie rastl\u00edn, sexualita, asexualita a evol\u00facia. Makroevol\u00facia a mikroevol\u00facia. Typy speci\u00e1cie. Alopatrick\u00e1 speci\u00e1cia. Sympatrick\u00e1 speci\u00e1cia. Fyletick\u00e1 speci\u00e1cia. Extinkcie. Evolu\u010dn\u00e9 trendy zelen\u00fdch rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n
Cie\u013e predmetu:<\/strong> Z\u00edska\u0165 poznatky z oblasti hum\u00e1nnej genetiky na b\u00e1ze najnov\u0161\u00edch vedeck\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov, o mo\u017enostiach prevencie, diganostiky a terapie geneticky podmienen\u00fdch patologick\u00fdch stavov.
Stru\u010dn\u00e1 osnova predmetu:<\/strong> Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 poznatky o individu\u00e1lnej genetickej variabilite fyziologick\u00fdch znakov a geneticky podmienen\u00fdch patologick\u00fdch znakov; genetick\u00e1 variabilita na \u00farovni popul\u00e1ci\u00ed; sp\u00f4soby dedi\u010dnosti a genetick\u00e9 javy v rodin\u00e1ch a rodokme\u0148och; z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v hum\u00e1nnej genetike – genealogick\u00e1 met\u00f3da, vyu\u017eitie g\u00e9novej v\u00e4zby pri mapovan\u00ed g\u00e9nov, cytogenetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza a zostavenie karyotypu, diagnostika patologick\u00fdch stavov na \u00farovni DNA; mo\u017enosti lie\u010dby geneticky podmienen\u00fdch patologick\u00fdch stavov.<\/p>\n
Cie\u013e predmetu:<\/strong> Pochopenie evolu\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu v pr\u00edrode na z\u00e1klade s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch poznatkov.
Stru\u010dn\u00e1 osnova predmetu:<\/strong> Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vlastnosti modelov\u00fdch organizmov vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v genetike. Modelov\u00e9 objekty v genetike prokaryotick\u00fdch organizmov (Escherichia coli, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens a A. rhizogenes<\/em>), jednoduch\u00fdch eukaryotick\u00fdch organizmov (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa<\/em>), \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov (Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus<\/em>) a rastl\u00edn (Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana sp.<\/em>) Mendelove z\u00e1kony. Morganove pravidl\u00e1. Transg\u00e9nne rastliny a transg\u00e9nne \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy. Hela bunky. Kme\u0148ov\u00e9 bunky. HUGO. Genetick\u00fd v\u00fdznam \u0161t\u00fadia dvoj\u010diat. Genetick\u00e9 datab\u00e1zy.<\/p>\n
Cie\u013e predmetu:<\/strong> Osvoji\u0165 si genetick\u00e9 javy na \u00farovni bunky s vyu\u017eit\u00edm najnov\u0161\u00edch poznatkov cytogenetiky a molekulovej cytol\u00f3gie. Detailnej\u0161ie sa obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 s v\u00fdsledkami a v\u00fdznamom projektu HUGO \u2013 mapovania \u013eudsk\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu.
Stru\u010dn\u00e1 osnova predmetu:<\/strong> Organiz\u00e1cia eukaryotick\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu v bunkovom jadre. Skelet jadra. Jadierko, skelet jadierka. \u0160trukt\u00fara chromat\u00ednu a jeho zmeny. \u00darovne \u0161trukt\u00fary organiz\u00e1cie DNA v jadre. Chromoz\u00f3my. Polyt\u00e9nne chromoz\u00f3my. Bunkov\u00fd cyklus. Genetick\u00e1 regul\u00e1cia bunkov\u00e9ho cyklu. Genetick\u00e1 regul\u00e1cia bunkovej diferenci\u00e1cie a bunkov\u00e9ho starnutia. Telom\u00e9ry a telomer\u00e1za. Cytologick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady kancerogen\u00e9zy. Evol\u00facia chromoz\u00f3mov.<\/p>\n
Cie\u013e predmetu:<\/strong> Osvoji\u0165 si teoretick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady genetiky a fyziol\u00f3gie rastlinn\u00fdch buniek a plet\u00edv v podmienkach in vitro a ich praktick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie v biotechnol\u00f3gii rastl\u00edn. Nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 experiment\u00e1lnu zru\u010dnos\u0165 v technik\u00e1ch rastlinn\u00fdch explant\u00e1tov.
Stru\u010dn\u00e1 osnova predmetu:<\/strong> Genetika a fyziol\u00f3gia rastlinn\u00fdch bunkov\u00fdch kult\u00far, protoplastov, pletivov\u00fdch kult\u00far, embryoidov a org\u00e1nov kultivovan\u00fdch in vitro v steriln\u00fdch podmienkach, ich v\u00fdznam a vyu\u017eitie vo vedeckom v\u00fdskume a praxi. Kryokonzerv\u00e1cia rastlinn\u00fdch explant\u00e1tov, imobilizovan\u00e9 bunkov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Genetick\u00e1 transform\u00e1cia rastlinn\u00fdch buniek a expresia cudz\u00edch g\u00e9nov v rastlin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Cie\u013e predmetu: <\/strong>Cie\u013eom predmetu je poskytn\u00fa\u0165 preh\u013ead o najnov\u0161\u00edch met\u00f3dach a zdrojoch pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pri \u0161t\u00fadiu funkcie g\u00e9nov na \u00farovni gen\u00f3mu. Cie\u013eovou skupinou s\u00fa \u0161tudenti so z\u00e1ujmom z\u00edska\u0165 preh\u013ead o najnov\u0161\u00edch trendoch a met\u00f3dach v oblasti funk\u010dnej genomiky.\u00a0
Stru\u010dn\u00e1 osnova predmetu:<\/strong> Hist\u00f3ria a m\u00ed\u013eniky funk\u010dnej genomiky. Genomika. Transkriptomika. Proteomika. Metabolomika. Interakt\u00f3m a signal\u00f3m.<\/p>\n
Cie\u013e predmetu:<\/strong> Z\u00edska\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 poznatky o genetick\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch v popul\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Definova\u0165 a pop\u00edsa\u0165 teoretick\u00e9 a historick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady popula\u010dnej genetiky; identifikova\u0165, charakterizova\u0165 a porovna\u0165 mechanizmy a z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 faktory (mut\u00e1cie, genetick\u00fd posun, selekcia migr\u00e1cie, sp\u00f4sob v\u00fdberu partnera..) a ich interakcie, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k intrapopula\u010dnej aj interpopula\u010dnej variabilite a vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa na \u0161trukt\u00faru popul\u00e1ci\u00ed; vyu\u017ei\u0165 empirick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy a postupy pre anal\u00fdzu genetickej diverzity; aplikova\u0165 princ\u00edpy popula\u010dnej genetiky vo for\u00e9nznych ved\u00e1ch, evolu\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch, molekul\u00e1rnej biol\u00f3gii a ekol\u00f3gii.
Stru\u010dn\u00e1 osnova predmetu:\u00a0<\/strong>Popul\u00e1cia a faktory, ktor\u00e9 ju formuj\u00fa. Miera genetickej variability v popul\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Polymorfizmus a heterozygotnos\u0165. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 modely v genetike popul\u00e1ci\u00ed. Hardyho-Weinbergov z\u00e1kon pre 2, 3 a viac alel. \u0160peci\u00e1lne pr\u00edpady n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho oplodnenia (Bruceho pomery, g\u00e9ny viazan\u00e9 na pohlavie). Vplyv mut\u00e1ci\u00ed na rovnov\u00e1hu v popul\u00e1cii. D\u00f4sledky v\u00fdberov\u00e9ho oplodnenia, v\u00fdpo\u010det a interpret\u00e1cie koeficientu inbridingu. Fisher-Wrightov model genetick\u00e9ho driftu, fix\u00e1cia\/elimin\u00e1cia alel v mal\u00fdch popul\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Jednosmern\u00e1, obojsmern\u00e1 a viacsmern\u00e1 migr\u00e1cia. Prirodzen\u00fd v\u00fdber v haploidn\u00fdch a diploidn\u00fdch popul\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Popul\u00e1cie rastl\u00edn, \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov a \u010dloveka. Darwinova evolu\u010dn\u00e1 te\u00f3ria, molekul\u00e1rna evol\u00facia.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":20414,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}"},"categories":[],"tags":[],"tax_aktuality":[],"class_list":["post-20415","cpt_pracoviska","type-cpt_pracoviska","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"acf_link_na_externy_obsah":""},"yoast_head":"\n