{"id":20443,"date":"2022-07-01T11:02:10","date_gmt":"2022-07-01T11:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/pracoviska\/ubev\/apu\/kmb\/onas\/"},"modified":"2022-11-13T21:32:16","modified_gmt":"2022-11-13T20:32:16","slug":"onas","status":"publish","type":"cpt_pracoviska","link":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/pracoviska\/ustavy-pf\/ubev\/apu\/kmb\/onas\/","title":{"rendered":"O n\u00e1s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hist\u00f3ria Katedry mikrobiol\u00f3gie<\/h3>\n

Katedra mikrobiol\u00f3gie vznikla v roku 2015 od\u010dlenen\u00edm od Katedry bunkovej biol\u00f3gie a roz\u0161\u00edrila tak spektrum klasick\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch katedier na \u00dastave biologick\u00fdch a ekologick\u00fdch vied (\u00daBEV). Jej prv\u00fdm ved\u00facim bol doc. RNDr. Peter Prista\u0161, CSc. Aktu\u00e1lne ju tvor\u00ed \u0161es\u0165 st\u00e1lych zamestnancov, \u010d\u00edm sa rad\u00ed medzi najmen\u0161ie katedry v r\u00e1mci \u00daBEV.<\/p>\n

Katedra sa od svojho za\u010diatku zameriavala na environment\u00e1lnu mikrobiol\u00f3giu, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na \u0161t\u00fadium extr\u00e9mofilov<\/strong><\/span><\/span> – mikroorganizmov pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facich v prostrediach s extr\u00e9mnymi fyzik\u00e1lnymi parametrami, ako s\u00fa teplota (nad 55\u00b0C \u010di pod 20\u00b0C), vysoko alkalick\u00e9 alebo kysl\u00e9 pH (pH < 4 alebo pH > 8), salinita (2-5 M NaCl alebo KCl), v pr\u00edtomnosti radi\u00e1cie, \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch kovov (arz\u00e9n, kadmium, me\u010f, zinok) \u010di za nedostatku \u017eiv\u00edn (napr. bakt\u00e9rie zo s\u00edrnych prame\u0148ov).<\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0\u00a0\"\"\u00a0\u00a0\"\"\u00a0\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

V poslednom obdob\u00ed sa zameriavame\u00a0predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na „so\u013e-miluj\u00face“ bakt\u00e9rie, tzv. halofily<\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/strong>Hoci je Slovensko vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00e1 krajina a nem\u00e1me more, aj u n\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 celkom unik\u00e1tne prostredia s vysokou salinitou. Pr\u00edkladom je miner\u00e1lny prame\u0148 „Slan\u00e1 voda<\/strong>“ v Oravskej Polhore a najm\u00e4 pre\u0161ovsk\u00e1 so\u013eanka<\/strong> – takmer nas\u00fdten\u00fd roztok soli, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd e\u0161te doned\u00e1vna na produciu soli v Pre\u0161ovskom solivare.<\/p>\n

Nemenej vzru\u0161uj\u00facou t\u00e9mou s\u00fa s\u00edru-oxiduj\u00face bakt\u00e9rie<\/strong><\/span><\/span>, ob\u00fdvaj\u00face s\u00edrne pramene (zn\u00e1me pod n\u00e1zvom „vajcovky“), na ktor\u00e9 je Slovensko mimoriadne bohat\u00e9. Tieto litotrofn\u00e9 bakt\u00e9rie s\u00fa adaptovan\u00e9 na \u017eivot v prostred\u00ed s n\u00edzkou dostupnos\u0165ou \u017eiv\u00edn a dok\u00e1\u017eu pre svoj \u017eivot vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako zdroj energie r\u00f4zne redukovan\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny s\u00edry. Ich \u0161t\u00fadium je nesmierne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee tieto bakt\u00e9rie boli pravdepodobne jedn\u00fdmi z prv\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch foriem \u017eivota na na\u0161ej Zemi a poskytuj\u00fa n\u00e1m d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1povedy o evol\u00facii \u017eivota.\u00a0Z\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenut\u00fdch prostred\u00ed izolovala na\u0161a v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 skupina ve\u013ek\u00fd po\u010det mikroorganizmov, z ktor\u00fdch mnoh\u00e9 s\u00fa celkom nov\u00e9 bakt\u00e9ri\u00e1lne druhy. Vykazuj\u00fa tie\u017e zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 metabolick\u00e9 charakteristiky, uplatnite\u013en\u00e9 v biotechnol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch a obnove \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia (napr. produkuj\u00fa v\u00fdnimo\u010dne stabiln\u00e9 enz\u00fdmy \u010di bioplasty).<\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0 \"\"\u00a0\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskumn\u00fdm smerom Katedry mikrobiol\u00f3gie je genetick\u00e1 ekol\u00f3gia<\/strong>, konkr\u00e9tne \u0161t\u00fadium mechanizmov \u0161\u00edrenia g\u00e9nov antibiotickej rezistencie v mimonemocni\u010dnom prostred\u00ed, ako aj \u0161t\u00fadium vplyvu r\u00f4znych faktorov na toto \u0161\u00edrenie (zne\u010distenie i\u00f3nmi kovov a vznik skr\u00ed\u017eenej rezistencie vo\u010di kovom a antibiotik\u00e1m).<\/p>\n

Viac o na\u0161ich aktivit\u00e1ch si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 na nasleduj\u00facich str\u00e1nkach:<\/p>\n