{"id":18987,"date":"2008-07-15T09:18:33","date_gmt":"2008-07-15T09:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/studium\/dalsie-vzdelavanie\/predmety-rigoroznej-skusky-fyzika\/"},"modified":"2022-10-26T08:12:38","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T08:12:38","slug":"predmety-rigoroznej-skusky-fyzika","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/studium\/dalsie-vzdelavanie\/predmety-rigoroznej-skusky-fyzika\/","title":{"rendered":"Predmety rigor\u00f3znej sk\u00fa\u0161ky – Fyzika"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" \"Zoznam <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00dastna rigor\u00f3zna sk\u00fa\u0161ka z fyziky pozost\u00e1va z Vybran\u00fdch kapitol zo v\u0161eobecnej fyziky (povinn\u00fd predmet) a druh\u00fa \u010das\u0165 tvor\u00ed ten predmet, ktor\u00fd je bl\u00edzky t\u00e9me rigor\u00f3znej pr\u00e1ce (volite\u013en\u00fd predmet).<\/p>\n

Povinn\u00fd predmet:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vybran\u00e9 kapitoly zo v\u0161eobecnej fyziky<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
    Kinematika a dynamika hmotn\u00e9ho bodu (nerelativistick\u00e1 a relativistick\u00e1). Symetria\u00a0 fyzik\u00e1lnych z\u00e1konov.\u00a0 Symetrick\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie (transl\u00e1cia a rot\u00e1cia). Symetria a z\u00e1kony zachovania.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Elektrick\u00e9 a magnetick\u00e9 polia. Maxwellove rovnice. Energia, elektromagnetick\u00e1 energia, hybnos\u0165 a moment hybnosti.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Vlny, vlnov\u00e1 rovnica, skladanie v\u013an, vlnov\u00fd bal\u00edk.\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Fermatov princ\u00edp najmen\u0161ieho \u010dasu. Princ\u00edp najmen\u0161ieho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Vratnos\u0165 a nevratnos\u0165. Entropia. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 princ\u00edpy termodynamiky.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Elektromagnetick\u00e1 podstata at\u00f3mov\u00fdch javov. At\u00f3m vod\u00edka (kvalitat\u00edvne).<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    Spin. Syst\u00e9m rovnak\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc. Uplatnenie v r\u00f4znych oblastiach fyziky.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Feynman, R. P., Feynmanove predn\u00e1\u0161ky z fyziky 1-5, Alfa, Bratislava 1985.
    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Beiser, A., \u00davod do modern\u00ed fyziky, Academia, Praha 1975.
    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kvasnica, J. a kolekt\u00edv, Mechanika , Academia, Praha 1988.<\/p>\n

    Volite\u013en\u00e9 predmety:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Teoretick\u00e1 fyzika<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Princ\u00edp minim\u00e1lneho \u00fa\u010dinku. Lagrangeove rovnice. Hamiltonove rovnice. Integr\u00e1cia pohybov\u00fdch rovn\u00edc. Pohyb v poli centr\u00e1lnych s\u00edl.
    Princ\u00edp relativity (Interval, Lorentzove transform\u00e1cie). \u0160tvorrozmern\u00e9 vektory. Elektrodynamika. \u0160tvorrozmern\u00fd potenci\u00e1l po\u013ea. Kalibra\u010dn\u00e1 invariantnos\u0165. Tenzor elektromagnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea. Maxwellove rovnice. Statick\u00e9 a stacion\u00e1rne polia. Dip\u00f3lov\u00fd moment. Magnetick\u00fd moment. Vlnov\u00e1 rovnica. Monochromatick\u00e1 vlna. Vlastn\u00e9 kmity po\u013ea.
    Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy kvantovej mechaniky. Schr\u00f6dingerova rovnica a jej v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 vlastnosti. Jednoduch\u00e9 \u00falohy. Pohyb v Coulombovom poli. Te\u00f3ria rozptylu. Relativistick\u00e1\u00a0 te\u00f3ria. Kleinova-Gordonova rovnica. Diracova rovnica. Diracova rovnica pre elektr\u00f3n vo vonkaj\u0161om poli. Spinovo-orbit\u00e1lna interakcia.
    Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 princ\u00edpy \u0161tatistickej mechaniky. Boseho-Einsteinovo, Fermiho-Diracovo a Boltzmanovo rozdelenie a ich aplik\u00e1cie. F\u00e1zov\u00e9 prechody. Isingov model.
    Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Landau, L. D., Lif\u0161ic, J. M., \u00davod do teoretickej fyziky I, II, Alfa Bratislava 1980, resp.1982.
    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pi\u0161\u00fat, J., Gomol\u010d\u00e1k, L., \u010cern\u00fd, V., \u00davod do kvantovej mechaniky, Alfa, Bratislava 1983.<\/p>\n

    Matematick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy (nutn\u00e9 potreby pre teoretick\u00fa fyziku)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Taylorov rozvoj. Fourierove rady. Fourierova transform\u00e1cia. Diracova delta funkcia. Vektorova anal\u00fdza. Rie\u0161enie diferenci\u00e1lnych rovn\u00edc. Sturmova-Liouvilleova \u00faloha. Z\u00e1klady komplexnej premennej. Tenzorova anal\u00fdza.
    Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
    Kvasnica, J., Matematick\u00fd apar\u00e1t fyziky, Academia Praha 1989.<\/p>\n

    Fyzika kondenzovan\u00fdch s\u00fastav<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 typy v\u00e4zieb v tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach. Kry\u0161t\u00e1lova \u0161trukt\u00fara, z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy a defin\u00edcie. Difrak\u010dn\u00e9 javy na kry\u0161t\u00e1loch – Braggov z\u00e1kon a Laueho podmienky. Poruchy v kry\u0161t\u00e1loch. Tepeln\u00e9 vlastnosti tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tok – Einsteinova a Debyeova te\u00f3ria tepelnej kapacity tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tok – te\u00f3ria vo\u013en\u00fdch elektr\u00f3nov v kovoch. Vznik p\u00e1smov\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho spektra elektr\u00f3nov. Polovodi\u010de. Magnetick\u00e9 vlastnosti l\u00e1tok – orbit\u00e1lny a spinov\u00fd magnetick\u00fd moment at\u00f3mu. Rozdelenie l\u00e1tok pod\u013ea magnetick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed a charakteru interakcie medzi element\u00e1rnymi magnetick\u00fdmi momentami. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 poznatky o supravodivosti.
    Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kave\u010dansk\u00fd, V., Fyzika tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Skriptum UPJ\u0160, 1982, Ko\u0161ice.
    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kittel, Ch., \u00davod do fyziky pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, Academia, Praha 1985.
    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Svoboda, M. a kol., Fyzika pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek I a II. Skriptum, Universita Karlova, Praha\u00a0 1986.<\/p>\n

    Didaktika fyziky<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Fyzik\u00e1lne poznanie. \u0160pecifick\u00e9 a stavov\u00e9 vlastnosti fyzik\u00e1lnych objektov. Pr\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 s\u00favislos\u0165 vo vyu\u010dovan\u00ed fyziky – pr\u00edklady. Fyzik\u00e1lna z\u00e1vislos\u0165. Formul\u00e1cia fyzik\u00e1lnych z\u00e1vislost\u00ed. Fyzik\u00e1lne princ\u00edpy, z\u00e1kony, pravidl\u00e1. Fyzik\u00e1lne te\u00f3rie.
    Fyzik\u00e1lne pozn\u00e1vanie. Fyzik\u00e1lne pozn\u00e1vanie a jeho modelovanie v \u0161kolskej fyzike. Motiv\u00e1cia a \u00falohov\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia. Utv\u00e1ranie fyzik\u00e1lnych pojmov, veli\u010d\u00edn a ich jednotiek SI.\u00a0 Empirick\u00e9 a teoretick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy poznania. Didaktick\u00e9 modelovanie pozn\u00e1vania vo fyzike. Idealiz\u00e1cia objektov a procesov (hmotn\u00fd bod, tuh\u00e9 teleso, ide\u00e1lna kvapalina, ide\u00e1lny plyn, monofrekven\u010dn\u00e9 svetlo). Teoretick\u00e9 pozn\u00e1vacie postupy v \u0161kolskej fyzike (pr\u00edklady).
    Fyzik\u00e1lne \u00falohy a ich pozn\u00e1vacia funkcia. Sch\u00e9ma rie\u0161enia \u0161kolskej fyzik\u00e1lnej \u00falohy (na pr\u00edklade). Kvantitat\u00edvna a kvalitat\u00edvna \u00faloha. Neprobl\u00e9mova fyzik\u00e1lna \u00faloha – pr\u00edklady. Probl\u00e9mov\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1lne \u00falohy s dobre a s ne\u00faplne definovan\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom. Fyzik\u00e1lna \u00faloha typu \u010dierna skrinka.
    Grafick\u00e9 postupy vo vyu\u010dovan\u00ed fyziky. \u010ciarov\u00fd graf ako prostriedok komunika\u010dn\u00fd, n\u00e1zorn\u00fd, pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed a jako objekt pozn\u00e1vania. Fyzik\u00e1lne inform\u00e1cie z\u00edskan\u00e9 \u010diarov\u00fdm grafom. Grafick\u00e1 deriv\u00e1cia a integr\u00e1cia v \u0161kolskej fyzike.
    S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 trendy vo vyu\u010dovan\u00ed fyziky. Kooperat\u00edvne vyu\u010dovanie, master learning, glob\u00e1lna v\u00fdchova. Videom a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom podporovan\u00e9 vyu\u010dovanie fyziky. Video a po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ako\u00a0 didaktick\u00fd prostriedok – ich funkcie.
    Didaktick\u00e9 testy.\u00a0 Ako forma kontroly vyu\u010dovania fyziky. Vlastnosti didaktick\u00fdch testov, ich kon\u0161trukcia a vyhodnocovanie.
    Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Janovi\u010d, J. a kol., Didaktika fyziky, MFF UK Bratislava, 1990.
    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mechlov\u00e1, E., Didaktika fyziky 2, PdF Ostrava, 1989.
    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lapitka, M., Tvorba a pou\u017eitie didaktick\u00fdch testov, SPN Bratislava, 1990.
    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u010casopisy: Technol\u00f3gia vzdel\u00e1vania,
    Matematika, fyzika, informatika ve \u0161kole,
    Matematika, informatika, fyzika<\/p>\n

    Astron\u00f3mia<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n
      Probl\u00e9m dvoch telies
      Obecn\u00e9 integr\u00e1ly probl\u00e9mu dvoch telies. Defin\u00edcia elementov\u00a0 pre kruhov\u00e9, eliptick\u00e9,parabolick\u00e9 a\u00a0 hyperbolick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zobecnen\u00fd tvar Keplerov\u00fdch z\u00e1konov, Gaussova kon\u0161tanta.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      Slnko ako hviezda
      Hmotnos\u0165, polomer a chemick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie, evol\u00facia Slnka, rot\u00e1cia, magnetick\u00e9 pole,cyklus slne\u010dnej aktivity, vrstvy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 slne\u010dnej atmosf\u00e9ry, slne\u010dn\u00e9 erupcie, slne\u010dn\u00e1 kor\u00f3na,slne\u010dn\u00fd vietor, heliosf\u00e9ra.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      Medziplanet\u00e1rna hmota
      Dr\u00e1hy\u00a0 asteroidov, plan\u00e9tky v libra\u010dn\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch, objavy kom\u00e9t, \u0161tatistika komet\u00e1rnych dr\u00e1h, Oortov oblak, morfol\u00f3gia\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kom\u00e9t, zlo\u017eenie a \u0161trukt\u00fara komet\u00e1rneho jadra, vznik a v\u00fdvoj pr\u00fadov meteroidov a ich matersk\u00e9 teles\u00e1,pozorovacie\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 met\u00f3dy meteorickej astron\u00f3mie.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 charakteristiky hviezd
      Jasnos\u0165, absol\u00fatna hviezdna ve\u013ekos\u0165, spektr\u00e1lna klasifik\u00e1cia, polomery, teploty a hmotnosti hviezd. HR diagram.\u00a0\u00a0Diagram\u00a0 hmotnos\u0165-svietivos\u0165. Teoretick\u00fd HR diagram. V\u00fdvojov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy hviezd.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    5. \n
      \u0160trukt\u00fara galaxie
      Mlie\u010dna cesta . Met\u00f3dy ur\u010dovania vzdialenost\u00ed, galaktick\u00e9 s\u00faradnice, rozdelenie objektov v Galaxii. Hmotnos\u0165 a rot\u00e1cia\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Galaxie, \u0161pir\u00e1lne ramen\u00e1. Hviezdne popul\u00e1cie, galaktick\u00e9jadro. Vznik a v\u00fdvoj Galaxie.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>1.\u00a0 \u00a0Andrle, P., Z\u00e1klady nebesk\u00e9 mechaniky, Academia, Praha, 1971.
      2.\u00a0 \u00a0Van\u00fdsek, V., Z\u00e1klady astronomie a astrofyziky, Academia, Praha, 1980.
      3.\u00a0 \u00a0Ru\u0161in, V., Rybansk\u00fd, M., Slne\u010dn\u00e1 kor\u00f3na, Veda, Bratislava, 1990.
      4.\u00a0 \u00a0Kleczek, J., Slunce a \u010dlovik, Academia, Praha, 1973.
      5.\u00a0\u00a0 Miro\u0161ni\u010denko,L. I., Slne\u010dn\u00e1 aktivita a Zem, Veda, Bratislava, 1989.
      6.\u00a0\u00a0 Bou\u0161ka, J., Van\u00fdsek, V., Fyzika komet, Academia, Praha, 1967.
      7.\u00a0 \u00a0Plavec, M., Meteorick\u00e9 roje, Nakl. \u010cSAV, Praha, 1956.
      8.\u00a0\u00a0 Tu\u010dek, K., Meteority a jejich v\u00fdskyty v \u010ceskoslovensku, Academia, Praha, 1981.
      9. \u00a0 Hajduk, A., \u0160tohl, J., Encyklop\u00e9dia astronomie. Obzor, Bratislava, 1987.
      10. Martynov, D. J., Kurs ob\u0161\u010dej astrofiziky, Nauka, Moskva, 1971.
      11. \u0160tohl, J., Zo \u017eivota hviezd. SPN, Bratislava, 1976.<\/p>\n

      Geofyzika<\/strong><\/p>\n

      1.\u00a0\u00a0 Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 charakteristiky Zeme (tvar, hmotnos\u0165 a pohyby, lunisol\u00e1rna precesia, slapov\u00e9 javy).
      2. Glob\u00e1lna tektonika (drift kontinentov, hypot\u00e9zy o s\u00fa\u010dasnej polohe kontinentov, te\u00f3ria izost\u00e1cie, paleomagnetizmus).
      3. Magnetick\u00e9 pole Zeme (zlo\u017eky magnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea, vz\u0165ah medzi inklin\u00e1ciou a zemepisnou \u0161\u00edrkou, magnetick\u00e9 mapy, vari\u00e1cie zemsk\u00e9ho magnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea, hypot\u00e9zy o p\u00f4vode magnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea Zeme).
      4.\u00a0 Seizmika (hodograf bl\u00edzkych zemetrasen\u00ed, hlbinn\u00e1 seizmick\u00e1 sond\u00e1\u017e, stavba Zeme).
      Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
      1.\u00a0 Br\u00e1zdil, R. , \u00davod do studia planety Zemi. SPN, Praha, 1988.
      2.\u00a0\u00a0Stacey, F. D., Fizika Zemli, MIR, Moskva, 1972 (v ru\u0161tine).
      3.\u00a0 Garland, G. D., Introduction to Geophysics. Philadelphia, 1971.<\/p>\n

      Fyzika at\u00f3mov\u00e9ho jadra a jadrov\u00fdch reakci\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n
        Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vlastnosti jadier: Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 charakteristiky jadier\u00a0 a ich meranie. Jadrov\u00e9
        sily a ich vlastnosti. Jadrov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Yukawova te\u00f3ria jadrov\u00fdch s\u00edl. Energetick\u00e9
        hladiny a ich charakteristiky.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        Modely jadier: Kvapkov\u00fd model.\u00a0 Fermiho model. Vrstvov\u00fd model. Bohrov-Mottelsonov model.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        R\u00e1dioaktivita: Alfa rozpad,\u00a0 pravdepodobnos\u0165 prechodu. Beta rozpad, klasifik\u00e1cia, z\u00e1kony zachovania. Fermiho te\u00f3ria \uf062- rozpadu. Nezachovanie parity, V-A te\u00f3ria slab\u00fdch interakci\u00ed. Gama rozpad, pravdepodobnosti prechodov, multipolnos\u0165, v\u00fdberov\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1. Elektr\u00f3nov\u00e1 konverzia. Jadrov\u00e1 izom\u00e9ria. M\u00f6ssbauerov efekt.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      4. \n
        Jadrov\u00e9 reakcie: \u00da\u010dinn\u00fd prierez. Mechanizmy reakci\u00ed, priame reakcie, zlo\u017een\u00e9 jadro, rezonancie, Breit-Wignerova formula. \u0160tiepenie jadier. Termonukle\u00e1rne reakcie. Relativistick\u00e1 kinematika.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      5. \n
        Fyzika neutr\u00f3nov: Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vlastnosti neutr\u00f3nov. Klasifik\u00e1cia neutr\u00f3nov pod\u013ea energie. Dif\u00fazia a rozptyl neutr\u00f3nov v hmotnom prostred\u00ed. Reakcie s neutr\u00f3nami.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      6. \n
        Kozmick\u00e9 \u017eiarenie: P\u00f4vod kozmick\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. Prim\u00e1rna a sekund\u00e1rna zlo\u017eka
        Kozmick\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. M\u00e4kk\u00e1 a tvrd\u00e1 komponenta K\u017d. Zlo\u017eenie K\u017d. \u0160\u00edrkov\u00fd efekt.
        Radia\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1sy.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      7. \n
        Prechod jadrov\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia prostred\u00edm: Prechod \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch nabit\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc l\u00e1tkou. Prechod \u013eahk\u00fdch nabit\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc l\u00e1tkou. \u010cerenkovovo \u017eiarenie. Prechod fot\u00f3nov l\u00e1tkou. Dozimetria ionizuj\u00faceho \u017eiarenia. Vyu\u017eitie ionizuj\u00faceho \u017eiarenia vo vede a technickej praxi.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      8. \n
        Experiment\u00e1lne zariadenia jadrovej fyziky: Elektrostatick\u00e9 ur\u00fdch\u013eova\u010de. Rezonan\u010dn\u00e9 ur\u00fdch\u013eova\u010de. Neutr\u00f3nov\u00e9 zdroje. Fyzik\u00e1lne princ\u00edpy detekcie nabit\u00fdch a nenabit\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc. Detektory. Fyzik\u00e1lne princ\u00edpy spektroskopie a spektrometrie.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>1.T.Mayer-Kuckuk, Fyzika atomov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra, Praha, 1979.
        2.K.N.Muchin, Eksperimenta\u013enaja jadernaja fizika, Moskva, Atomizdat, 1993.
        3.I.\u00dalehla, M.Suk, Z.Trka, Atomy, j\u00e1dra, \u010dastice, Academia Praha, 1990.
        4.S.Usa\u010dev a kol., Experiment\u00e1lna jadrov\u00e1 fyzika, Alfa, 1982.<\/p>\n

        Fyzika element\u00e1rnych \u010dast\u00edc<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n
          Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 charakteristiky \u010dast\u00edc a ich meranie. Klasifik\u00e1cia \u010dast\u00edc ( lept\u00f3ny , kvarky, kvant\u00e1 kalibra\u010dn\u00fdch pol\u00ed, hadr\u00f3ny a ich multiplety, grupa SU (3)). Rezonancie. Symetrie a z\u00e1kony
          zachovania. Typy interakci\u00ed. Kozmick\u00e9 \u017eiarenie.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          Klasifik\u00e1cia slab\u00fdch interakci\u00ed. Prechody Fermi a Gamowa-Tellera. V-A\u00a0 te\u00f3ria slabej interakcie. Nezachovanie priestorovej parity, \u0161pir\u00e1lnos\u0165 neutr\u00edna. Neutr\u00ednov\u00e9 oscil\u00e1cie.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          Te\u00f3ria neutr\u00e1lnych ka\u00f3nov Gell-Manna a Paisa. Regener\u00e1cia neutr\u00e1lnych K-mez\u00f3nov. Naru\u0161enie kombinovanej parity.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        4. \n
          Nabit\u00e9 a neutr\u00e1lne toky. Te\u00f3ria Cabbibo. Model GIM (Glashow, Illiopoulos, Maiani). Objav intermedi\u00e1rnych W\u00b1, Z0 boz\u00f3nov.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        5. \n
          Part\u00f3ny a kvarky. Glu\u00f3ny. Hlbokonepru\u017en\u00fd rozptyl a formfaktory.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        6. \n
          Prechod \u017eiarenia prostred\u00edm. Prechod \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch nabit\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc l\u00e1tkou. \u010cerenkovovo\u00a0 \u017eiarenie. Prechod \u013eahk\u00fdch nabit\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc l\u00e1tkou. Prechod fot\u00f3nov l\u00e1tkou. Elektromagnetick\u00e9 a hadr\u00f3nov\u00e9 sp\u0155\u0161ky.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        7. \n
          Experiment\u00e1lne zariadenia. Ur\u00fdch\u013eova\u010de a akumula\u010dn\u00e9 komplexy vo fyzike
          Element\u00e1rnych \u010dast\u00edc. Fyzik\u00e1lne princ\u00edpy detekcie a detektory vo fyzike vysok\u00fdch energi\u00ed.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>1.K. N. Muchin, Eksperimenta\u013enaja jadernaja fizika, Moskva, Atomizdat, 1993.
          2.\u00dalehla, M. Suk, Z. Trka, Atomy, j\u00e1dra \u010d\u00e1stice, Academia Praha, 1990.
          3.Usa\u010dev, Experiment\u00e1lna jadrov\u00e1 fyzika, ALFA, 1982.
          4.D. Perkins, Vvedenie v fiziku vysokich energij, Moskva, 1972.
          5.R.Fernow, Introduction to experimental particle physics, Cambridge University press,1989.<\/p>\n

          Molekulov\u00e1 biofyzika<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Fyzika makromolek\u00fal:<\/strong> Vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 rot\u00e1cia a rota\u010dn\u00e1 izom\u00e9ria. Konforma\u010dn\u00e1 te\u00f3ria makromolek\u00fal. Makromolekuly ako kooperat\u00edvne syst\u00e9my. Polyelektrolyty. Medzimolekulov\u00e9 a vn\u00fatromolekulov\u00e9 interakcie. Siln\u00e9 a slab\u00e9 interakcie. Interakcie nabit\u00fdch, pol\u00e1rnych a nepol\u00e1rnych molek\u00fal. Potenci\u00e1ly. Prenos n\u00e1boja.
          Bielkoviny:<\/strong> \u0160trukt\u00fara a vlastnosti. Konform\u00e1cie polypeptidov\u00e9ho re\u0165azca. Vod\u00edkov\u00e1 v\u00e4zba a \u0161trukt\u00fara vody. Hydrof\u00f3bne interakcie. Bielkovinov\u00e1 globula. Prim\u00e1rna a priestorov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara bielkov\u00edn. Protein folding.
          Nukleov\u00e9 kyseliny:<\/strong> Typy, \u0161trukt\u00fara a vlastnosti zlo\u017eiek. Konform\u00e1cie DNA. Konform\u00e1cie RNA. Fyzik\u00e1lne vlastnosti nukleov\u00fdch kysel\u00edn.
          Enz\u00fdmy:<\/strong> Kinetika enzymatick\u00fdch reakci\u00ed. Konforma\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti enz\u00fdmov. Kooperat\u00edvne vlastnosti enz\u00fdmov. Fyzika enz\u00fdm-substr\u00e1tovej interakcie.
          Z\u00e1klady biofotoniky:<\/strong> fotobiologick\u00e9 procesy (fotosynt\u00e9za, fotoreceptory, bioluminiscencia…), fotoakt\u00edvne molekuly, zobrazovacie met\u00f3dy (bunka, tkanivo: fluorescen\u010dn\u00e9, IR a Ramanovsk\u00e9 zobrazovanie, OCT…), fotodynamick\u00e1 terapia a diagnostika, z\u00e1klady experimentu (lasery, mikroskopia, spektroskopia, optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna, filtre…).
          Z\u00e1klady genomiky, proteomiky a bio-informatiky:<\/strong> sekvencia, \u0161trukt\u00fara a funkcia biopolym\u00e9rov, bioinformatick\u00e9 datab\u00e1zy a sp\u00f4sob pr\u00e1ce s nimi, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dove modelovanie biologick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n

          Biofyzika bunky<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Bioenergetika\u00a0 bunky: Fenomenol\u00f3gia bioenergetick\u00fdch procesov. \u0160trukt\u00fara a funkcia mitochondri\u00ed. Oxidat\u00edvna fosforyl\u00e1cia. Enz\u00fdmy d\u00fdchacieho re\u0165azca. Tvorba prot\u00f3nov\u00e9ho gradientu na biomembr\u00e1nach. F1F0 ATP-\u00e1za-\u0161trukt\u00fara a funkcia (tvorba ATP). Fotosynt\u00e9za \u2013z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy a mechanizmy.
          Membr\u00e1nov\u00fd transport: \u0160trukt\u00fara, vlastnosti a funkcie biologick\u00fdch membr\u00e1n. Termodynamika a membr\u00e1nov\u00fd transport. Kinetika transportu. Pohyb molek\u00fal cez membr\u00e1ny. Akt\u00edvny a pas\u00edvny transport.. Pumpy a kan\u00e1ly v biologick\u00fdch membr\u00e1nach. Klasifik\u00e1cia a vlastnosti transportn\u00fdch prote\u00ednov.Ak\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Prenos sign\u00e1lu cez synapsiu. Mechanizmy regul\u00e1cie vn\u00fatrobunkov\u00e9ho pH.
          Metabolick\u00e9 a sign\u00e1lne cesty: V\u0161eobecn\u00fd popis sign\u00e1lnych ciest v bunke. Mimobunkov\u00e9 sign\u00e1lne molekuly a bunkov\u00e9 receptory. Vn\u00fatrobunkov\u00e9 sign\u00e1lne molekuly (Ca2+ , NO, cAMP, cGMP, G-prote\u00edny..)-ich \u00faloha v sign\u00e1lnych\u00a0 procesoch. Prote\u00edn kin\u00e1zy a prote\u00edn fosfat\u00e1zy. Hormon\u00e1lna regul\u00e1cia.
          Regula\u010dn\u00e9 a kontroln\u00e9 mechanizmy v bunke: Charakteriz\u00e1cia homeostatick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. Regul\u00e1cia procesov bunkov\u00e9ho cyklu. \u00daloha H2O pri regul\u00e1cii procesov v bunke. Acido-b\u00e1zick\u00e1 regul\u00e1cia. Biochemick\u00e9 kontroln\u00e9 mechanizmy. Kontrola chemick\u00fdch reakci\u00ed enz\u00fdmami. Modely niektor\u00fdch kontroln\u00fdch mechanizmov (mechanizmus genetickej kontroly, te\u00f3ria rastu). Oscila\u010dn\u00e9 fenom\u00e9ny v bunk\u00e1ch. Glob\u00e1lne regula\u010dn\u00e9 programy v bunk\u00e1ch.\u00a0
          Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
          1.R. Glaser: Biophysics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1999.
          2.Kolekt\u00edv autorov: Biophysics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1983.
          3.C.R.Cantor, P.R.Schimel: Biophysical Chemistry, Part I-III, Freeman and Co., San Francisco 1980.
          4.M.V.Volkenstein, Moleku\u013earnaja biofyzika, Nauka, Moskva 1986.
          5.R.A.Copeland, Enzymes A Practical Introduction to Structure, Mechanism and Data Analysis,Wiley-VCH, 2000.
          6.H.Frauenfelder, J.Disenhofer, P.G.Wolyns, Simplicity and Complexity in\u00a0 Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Dahlem University Press 1999.
          7.A. Malcolm, Campbell, L. J. Heyer: Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics, Pearson education, San Francisco 2003.
          8.P. N. Prasad: Introduction to biophotonics: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey 2003.
          9.Ernst J. M. Helmrich: The biochemistry of cell signalling, Oxford University press, 2001.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u00dastna rigor\u00f3zna sk\u00fa\u0161ka z fyziky pozost\u00e1va z Vybran\u00fdch kapitol zo v\u0161eobecnej fyziky (povinn\u00fd predmet) a druh\u00fa \u010das\u0165 tvor\u00ed ten predmet, ktor\u00fd je bl\u00edzky t\u00e9me rigor\u00f3znej pr\u00e1ce (volite\u013en\u00fd predmet). Povinn\u00fd predmet: Vybran\u00e9 kapitoly zo v\u0161eobecnej fyziky Kinematika a dynamika hmotn\u00e9ho bodu (nerelativistick\u00e1 a relativistick\u00e1). Symetria\u00a0 fyzik\u00e1lnych z\u00e1konov.\u00a0 Symetrick\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie (transl\u00e1cia a rot\u00e1cia). Symetria a z\u00e1kony zachovania. … \u010c\u00edta\u0165 \u010falej<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":17187,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18987","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"acf_link_na_externy_obsah":""},"yoast_head":"\nPredmety rigor\u00f3znej sk\u00fa\u0161ky - Fyzika - Pr\u00edrodovedeck\u00e1 fakulta | UPJ\u0160<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/studium\/dalsie-vzdelavanie\/predmety-rigoroznej-skusky-fyzika\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Predmety rigor\u00f3znej sk\u00fa\u0161ky - Fyzika - Pr\u00edrodovedeck\u00e1 fakulta | UPJ\u0160\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00dastna rigor\u00f3zna sk\u00fa\u0161ka z fyziky pozost\u00e1va z Vybran\u00fdch kapitol zo v\u0161eobecnej fyziky (povinn\u00fd predmet) a druh\u00fa \u010das\u0165 tvor\u00ed ten predmet, ktor\u00fd je bl\u00edzky t\u00e9me rigor\u00f3znej pr\u00e1ce (volite\u013en\u00fd predmet). 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