{"id":18989,"date":"2008-07-15T09:19:57","date_gmt":"2008-07-15T09:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/studium\/dalsie-vzdelavanie\/predmety-rigoroznej-skusky-chemia\/"},"modified":"2022-10-26T08:12:38","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T08:12:38","slug":"predmety-rigoroznej-skusky-chemia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/studium\/dalsie-vzdelavanie\/predmety-rigoroznej-skusky-chemia\/","title":{"rendered":"Predmety rigor\u00f3znej sk\u00fa\u0161ky – Ch\u00e9mia"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" \"Zoznam <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0160tudijn\u00e9 predmety s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 do skupiny povinn\u00fdch a volite\u013en\u00fdch predmetov. Uch\u00e1dza\u010d si vyberie dva \u0161tudijn\u00e9 predmety, z ktor\u00fdch aspo\u0148 jeden mus\u00ed by\u0165 zo skupiny povinn\u00fdch predmetov.<\/p>\n

Povinn\u00e9 predmety<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia<\/strong><\/p>\n

At\u00f3m a jeho \u0161trukt\u00fara, elektr\u00f3nov\u00e1 konfigur\u00e1cia, prirodzen\u00e1 a umel\u00e1 r\u00e1dioaktivita. Modely at\u00f3mu, kvantov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla. Periodick\u00fd syst\u00e9m prvkov, periodick\u00fd z\u00e1kon. Chemick\u00e1 v\u00e4zba a medzimolekulov\u00e9 sily, Chemick\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara a fyzik\u00e1lne vlastnosti l\u00e1tok. Skupensk\u00e9 stavy l\u00e1tok, roztoky, rovnov\u00e1ha chemickej reakcie. Klasifik\u00e1cia chemick\u00fdch reakci\u00ed.
Periodicita, vlastnost\u00ed prvkov a zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn. Prvky s, p, d a f-bloku po jednotliv\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch: elektr\u00f3nov\u00e9 konfigur\u00e1cie a v\u00e4zbov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Vlastnosti prvku ako jednoduchej l\u00e1tky jeho zl\u00fa\u010deniny (hydridy, halogenidy, oxidy a in\u00e9), v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 reakcie prvku a jeho zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn, laborat\u00f3rna pr\u00edprava, v\u00fdroba, mo\u017enosti praktickej aplik\u00e1cie, pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 suroviny.
Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
1.\u00a0Ondrejovi\u010d G. a kol.: Anorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia, Alfa, Bratislava 1993.
2.\u00a0Ondrejovi\u010d G. a kol.: Anorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia 2, STU, Bratislava 1995.
3.\u00a0Ga\u017eo a kol.: V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 a anorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia, Alfa, Bratislava 1981.
4.\u00a0\u010cern\u00e1k, J.: Ot\u00e1zky a \u00falohy z anorganickej ch\u00e9mie (u\u010debn\u00fd text), R UPJ\u0160 2003.
5.\u00a0N.N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw: Chemistry of the Elements, Pergamon Press, New York 1984 (je aj \u010desk\u00fd preklad).<\/p>\n

Organick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e4zby v organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1ch, te\u00f3ria molekulov\u00fdch orbit\u00e1lov, hybridiz\u00e1cia, polarita v\u00e4zby, polarizovate\u013enos\u0165. Reakcie organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn, chemick\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha, termodynamika reakci\u00ed, reak\u010dn\u00e9 teplo, entropia, entalpia, vo\u013en\u00e1 aktiva\u010dn\u00e1 energia, tranzitn\u00e9 stavy, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 reakcie, reak\u010dn\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha, termodynamicky a kineticky kontrolovan\u00e9 reakcie, mechanizny organick\u00fdch reakci\u00ed, homolytick\u00e9 a heterolytick\u00e9 \u0161tiepenie v\u00e4zieb, medziprodukty, typy reakci\u00ed. Alk\u00e1ny, alk\u00e9ny, poly\u00e9ny. alk\u00edny, aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky, halog\u00e9nderiv\u00e1ty, hydroxyderiv\u00e1ty, hydroperoxidy, peroxidy, \u00e9tery, oxir\u00e1ny, aldehydy, ket\u00f3ny, chinoidn\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, halog\u00e9nkarbonylov\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, hHydroxykarbonylov\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, karboxylov\u00e9 kyseliny, funk\u010dn\u00e9 a substitu\u010dn\u00e9 deriv\u00e1ty karboxylov\u00fdch kysel\u00edn, halog\u00e9n a hydroxykarboxylov\u00e9 kyseliny, lakt\u00f3ny, aminokyseliny, am\u00edny, diazozl\u00fa\u010deniny, nitro a nitr\u00f3zozl\u00fa\u010deniny, hydroxylam\u00edny, ox\u00edmy a hydraz\u00edny, deriv\u00e1ty kyseliny uhli\u010ditej a tiouhli\u010ditej, organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny s\u00edry, fosforu, krem\u00edka a b\u00f3ru. Heterocyklick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, p\u00e4\u0165\u010dl\u00e1nkov\u00e9 heterocyklick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, \u0161es\u0165\u010dl\u00e1nkov\u00e9 heterocyklick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, sacharidy, terp\u00e9ny, steroidy a alkaloidy.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>1. Hrn\u010diar P.: Organick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia, SPV Bratislava 1990.\u00a0
2. Kov\u00e1\u010d J., Kov\u00e1\u010d \u0160., Fi\u0161era \u013d., Kruto\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1 A.: Organick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia I a II, Alfa,Bratislava 1992.<\/p>\n

Bioch\u00e9mia <\/strong><\/p>\n

Aminokyseliny a peptidy. \u0160trukt\u00fara aminokysel\u00edn. Optick\u00e1 aktivita a konform\u00e1cia. Acido-b\u00e1zick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Reakcie aminokysel\u00edn.\u00a0 Nukleov\u00e9 kyseliny. Pur\u00ednov\u00e9 a pyrimid\u00ednov\u00e9 b\u00e1zy.\u00a0 Biosynt\u00e9za DNA a RNA.\u00a0 Komplexy prote\u00ednov a nukleov\u00fdch kysel\u00edn. Genetick\u00e9 in\u017einierstvo. Proteosynt\u00e9za. Vznik \u017eivota. Modely vzniku nukleov\u00fdch kysel\u00edn. Vznik organick\u00fdch molek\u00fal a peptidick\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb. Mo\u017en\u00e1 \u00faloha kyanovod\u00edka. Enz\u00fdmy: \u0161trukt\u00fara a funkcia. Koenz\u00fdmy.\u00a0 Biologick\u00e9 oxid\u00e1cie. Hem. Cytochr\u00f3my. Dehydrogen\u00e1zy. Peroxid\u00e1zy. Chlorofyl. Anhydr\u00e1za kyseliny uhli\u010ditej.\u00a0 Vznik ATP v procese oxida\u010dnej fosforyl\u00e1cie. Transport prote\u00ednov.\u00a0\u00a0 Generovanie tepla a prot\u00f3nov\u00fd gradient. Bioluminiscencia. Oxygen\u00e1zy a hydroxyl\u00e1zy. Cyklus trikarb\u00f3nov\u00fdch kysel\u00edn. Metabolizmus dus\u00edka. Asimil\u00e1cia element\u00e1rneho dus\u00edka. Biosynt\u00e9za a odb\u00faravanie pur\u00ednov\u00fdch a pyrimid\u00ednov\u00fdch nukleotidov. Biosynt\u00e9za porfyr\u00ednov. Horm\u00f3ny.Vitam\u00edny.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>1. Feren\u010d\u00edk, \u0160k\u00e1rka, Nov\u00e1k, Tureck\u00fd: Bioch\u00e9mia, Bratislava 2000.<\/p>\n

Volite\u013en\u00e9 predmety<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bioanorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Komplexy kovov v \u017eiv\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, ich stabilita, geometrick\u00e9 usporiadanie a charakteristick\u00e9 koordina\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla. Vplyv ligandu na stabilitu komplexu. \u0160pecifick\u00e9 vlastnosti v\u00e4zby kov-ligand. Pearsonova te\u00f3ria a jej v\u00fdznam. Vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie kovov\u00e9ho i\u00f3nu a aminokysel\u00edn, peptidov a bielkov\u00edn. Enz\u00fdmy a metaloenz\u00fdmy. \u00daloha kovov\u00fdch i\u00f3nov v s\u00fastav\u00e1ch kov-bielkovina. Regula\u010dn\u00e1 a \u0161truktur\u00e1lna funkcia kovov\u00fdch i\u00f3nov a ich \u00faloha pri pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00ed vzruchov. Alkalick\u00e9 kovy a kovy alkalick\u00fdch zem\u00edn v biologick\u00fdch s\u00fastav\u00e1ch.\u00a0 Funkcia prechodn\u00fdch kovov v \u017eivom organizme.\u00a0 Toxick\u00e9 kovy v biosyst\u00e9me . Metabolizmus kovov, vstreb\u00e1vanie, distrib\u00facia, transport a vylu\u010dovanie.\u00a0 Choroby sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 nedostatkom kovov. Biologick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 niektor\u00fdch komplexov kovov a ich pou\u017eitie v hum\u00e1nnej a veterin\u00e1rnej medic\u00edne.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
1.Kendrick M.J., May M.T., Plishka M.J., Robinson K.D.: Metals in biological systems, Ellis Horwood, Toronto 1992.
2.Kaim W., Schwederski B.: Bioinorganic chemistry, J.Wiley and Sons Chichester 1994.<\/p>\n

Koordina\u010dn\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Typy koordina\u010dn\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn, centr\u00e1lne at\u00f3my, ligandy, koordina\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. V\u00e4zby v koordina\u010dn\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1ch: te\u00f3ria kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e9ho po\u013ea, te\u00f3ria MO. Spektrochemick\u00fd rad ligandov, slab\u00e9 pole a siln\u00e9 pole,. vplyv symetrie ligandov\u00e9ho po\u013ea,\u00a0 faktory vpl\u00fdvaj\u00face na silu ligandov\u00e9ho po\u013ea. \u0160trukt\u00fara a symetria koordina\u010dn\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn, tetragon\u00e1lna a trigon\u00e1lna distorzia, Jahn-Tellerov efekt, izom\u00e9ria. Spektr\u00e1lne a magnetick\u00e9 vlastnosti koordina\u010dn\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn. Reakcie koordina\u010dn\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn, trans-efekt.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
1. Ondrejovi\u010d G. a kol.: Anorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia 2, STU, Bratislava 1995.
2. Ga\u017eo a kol.: V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 a anorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia, Alfa, Bratislava 1981.
3. \u010cern\u00e1k, J.: Ot\u00e1zky a \u00falohy z anorganickej ch\u00e9mie (u\u010debn\u00fd text), R UPJ\u0160, 2003.
4. N.N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw: Chemistry of the Elements, Pergamon Press, New York, 1984 (je aj \u010desk\u00fd preklad).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e9mia tuhej f\u00e1zy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Defin\u00edcia a klasifik\u00e1cia tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, pr\u00edklady ich aplik\u00e1cie v modernej technike, Ch\u00e9mia tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tok – historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00falohy. Geometrick\u00e9 a \u0161trukt\u00farne z\u00e1konitosti v\u00fdstavby kry\u0161t\u00e1lov.Kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e1 mrie\u017eka, kry\u0161t\u00e1lov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara, kry\u0161talografick\u00e9 s\u00fastavy,
symetria kry\u0161t\u00e1lovej \u0161trukt\u00fary. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 typy anorganick\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far. Re\u00e1lna \u0161trukt\u00fara.
Ide\u00e1lny, dokonal\u00fd a re\u00e1lny kry\u0161t\u00e1l. Poruchy v re\u00e1lnom kry\u0161t\u00e1le. Bodov\u00e9 poruchy
\u010ciarov\u00e9 poruchy \u2013 dislok\u00e1cie. Plo\u0161n\u00e9 poruchy. Trojrozmern\u00e9-objemov\u00e9 poruchy. Dif\u00fazia v tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach Objemov\u00e1 dif\u00fazia. Dif\u00fazia v polykry\u0161taick\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach. Reakcie v tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach. Osobitosti tuhof\u00e1zov\u00fdch reakci\u00ed. Povrchov\u00e1 oxid\u00e1cia a ochrana kovov pred kor\u00f3ziou Reakcie rozkladu. Reakcie v zmesiach tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tok – tuhof\u00e1zov\u00e1 synt\u00e9za. Met\u00f3dy simul\u00e1cie tuhof\u00e1zovej synt\u00e9zy.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>1. Kratochv\u00edl B. a kol.:\u00a0 Z\u00e1klady fyziky a chemie pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Diel I, II, Fakulta chemick\u00e9 technologie VUT, Praha 1990.
2. Tk\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1 K., \u010cern\u00e1k, J.: \u00davod do ch\u00e9mie tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, intern\u00e9 skriptum, UPJ\u0160 2005.
3. A.R. West: Basic Solid State Chemistry, 2nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester 1988.<\/p>\n

Toxikol\u00f3gia<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dinky jedov a ich klasifik\u00e1cia\u00a0 (faktory ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face toxicitu l\u00e1tok, absorpcia, distrib\u00facia a prenos l\u00e1tok cez bunkov\u00fa membr\u00e1nu). Premena toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok v organizme (oxid\u00e1cia, redukcia, hydrol\u00fdza, konjug\u00e1cia). Toxikologick\u00e9 a biologick\u00e9 vlastnosti prvkov a anorganick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn (prvky s, p, d a f bloku). Toxikologick\u00e9 vlastnosti organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn. Ch\u00e9mia a toxikol\u00f3gia lie\u010div. Drogy a drogov\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165. Vo\u013en\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly a antioxidanty. Toxikol\u00f3gia priemyseln\u00e1 a \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Toxikol\u00f3gia potravin\u00e1rska.
Toxikol\u00f3gia pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch produktov. Vojensk\u00e1 toxikol\u00f3gia.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara :<\/strong>
1. Forth W., Henschler D., Rummel W.: Allgemeine und spezielle Toxikologie, Wissenschaftsverlag, Z\u00fcrich 1987.
2. Fuherman G.F.: Allgemeine Toxikologie f\u00fcr Chemiker, Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart 1984.
3. Marhold J.: P\u0159ehled prumyslov\u00e9 toxikologie, Avicenum Praha 1973.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
\u00a0Bioorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Proximity efekt v organickej ch\u00e9mii.\u00a0 Molekulov\u00e1 adapt\u00e1cia a rozpozn\u00e1vanie na supramolekulovej \u00farovni. Biorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia aminokysel\u00edn a polypeptidov.\u00a0 Anal\u00f3gia medzi organick\u00fdmi reakciami a biochemick\u00fdmi transform\u00e1ciami. Ch\u00e9mia peptidickej v\u00e4zby. Neribozom\u00e1lna synt\u00e9za peptidov. Asymetrick\u00e1 synt\u00e9za aminokysel\u00edn, vyu\u017eitie ch\u00edr\u00e1lnych organokovov\u00fdch katalyz\u00e1torov. Anal\u00f3gy tranzitn\u00fdch stavov, protil\u00e1tky ako enz\u00fdmi, chemick\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie, molekulov\u00e9 rozpoznanie a synt\u00e9za biologicky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok.Bioorganick\u00e1 synt\u00e9za polynukleotidov. Uchov\u00e1vanie energie, DNA interkal\u00e1ty, chemick\u00e1 evol\u00facia biopolym\u00e9rov, RNA molekuly ako katalyz\u00e1tory. Enymatick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia, \u00favod do katal\u00fdzy a enz\u00fdmov, multifunk\u010dn\u00e1 katal\u00fdza, chymotryps\u00edn, stereokontrolovan\u00e1 hydrol\u00fdza, imobilizovan\u00e9 enz\u00fdmy a ich vyu\u017eitie v org. synt\u00e9ze. Enzymatick\u00e9 modely. Host-guest koplexa\u010dn\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia, crown \u00e9tery, membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia a micely, polym\u00e9ry, cyklodextr\u00edny, steroidn\u00e9 templ\u00e1ty.\u00a0 Vzdialen\u00e9 funkcionaliza\u010dn\u00e9 reakcie, biomimetick\u00e1 poly\u00e9nov\u00e1 cykliz\u00e1cia. Kovov\u00e9 i\u00f3ny v prote\u00ednoch a biomolekul\u00e1ch, karboxypeptid\u00e1za a \u00faloha zinku, hydrol\u00fdza esterov aminokysel\u00edn, amidov a peptidov, \u017eelezo a transport kysl\u00edka, Cu i\u00f3ny. Biomodel fotosynt\u00e9zy a prenosu energie, kobalt a \u00faloha vitam\u00ednu B12. Ch\u00e9mia koenz\u00fdmov, oxida\u010dnoreduk\u010dn\u00e9 reakcie, pyridoxalfosf\u00e1t, „suicide enzyme inactivators a affinity labels“, tiam\u00edn pyrofosf\u00e1t, biot\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>
1.\u00a0H. Dugas: Bioorganic Chemistry, Wiley, London 1995.<\/p>\n

Analytick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia<\/strong>
Predmet, ciele a klasifik\u00e1cia met\u00f3d analytickej ch\u00e9mie. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy a postupy – odber, \u00faprava vzoriek, pr\u00edprava roztokov. Typy reakci\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v analytickej ch\u00e9mii pod\u013ea selektivity a mechanizmu a ich vyu\u017eitie v kvalitat\u00edvnej a kvantitat\u00edvnej analytickej ch\u00e9mii.
Gravimetria, princ\u00edp a jej vyu\u017eitie. Princ\u00edp odmernej anal\u00fdzy, rozdelenie, \u0161tandardiz\u00e1cia, titra\u010dn\u00e1 krivka, indik\u00e1cia ekvivalentn\u00e9ho bodu, vyhodnotenie titr\u00e1cie, vyu\u017eitie.
Klasifik\u00e1cia in\u0161trument\u00e1lnych met\u00f3d analytickej ch\u00e9mie. Princ\u00edp najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch in\u0161trument\u00e1lnych analytick\u00fdch met\u00f3d – elektroanalytick\u00fdch (potenciometria, konduktometria, polarografia), optick\u00fdch (at\u00f3mov\u00e9 a molekulov\u00e9 spektr\u00e1), separa\u010dn\u00fdch (chromatografick\u00e9 a elektromigra\u010dn\u00e9 techniky)\u00a0 a ich vyu\u017eitie v kvalitat\u00edvnej a kvantitat\u00edvnej anal\u00fdze.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara<\/strong>1. Z. Holzbecher, J.Chur\u00e1\u010dek a kol.: Analytick\u00e1 chemie, SNTL\/Alfa, Praha 1987.
2. J. Garaj, D. Bustin, Z. Hladk\u00fd: Analytick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia, Alfa\/SNTL, Bratislava 1987.<\/p>\n

Fyzik\u00e1lna ch\u00e9mia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Skupensk\u00e9 stavy, z\u00e1kony pre ide\u00e1lny a re\u00e1lny plyn. Kvapaliny – charakteristika, povrchov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie, viskozita. Tuh\u00e9 l\u00e1tky – charkteristika a vlastnosti.Z\u00e1klady termodynamiky, termodynamick\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, charakteristick\u00e9 termodynamick\u00e9 zmeny, teplo, pr\u00e1ca, vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 energia, entalpia, entropia, Helmholtzova a Gibbsova energia, chemick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Termoch\u00e9mia, termochemick\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, kalorimetria. F\u00e1zov\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy, Gibbsov f\u00e1zov\u00fd z\u00e1kon, jedno-, dvoj- a trojzlo\u017ekov\u00e9 s\u00fastavy, koligat\u00edvne vlastnosti, aktivita. Adsorpcia, adsorp\u010dn\u00e9 izotermy. Chemick\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha, reak\u010dn\u00e1 izoterma, reak\u010dn\u00e1 izobara, reak\u010dn\u00e1 izochora, vplyv teploty a tlaku na chemick\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu. Elektroch\u00e9mia. Vodivos\u0165 elektrolytov, Faradayov z\u00e1kon,\u00a0 te\u00f3ria siln\u00fdch elektrolytov, aktivitn\u00e9 koeficienty, i\u00f3nov\u00e1 sila roztoku. Te\u00f3rie kysel\u00edn a z\u00e1sad,\u00a0 tlmiv\u00e9 roztoky, hydrol\u00fdza sol\u00ed. Galvanick\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, elektromotorick\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie \u010dl\u00e1nku, Nernstova a Petersova rovnica, elektr\u00f3dy 1. a 2. druhu, redox elektr\u00f3dy, elektr\u00f3dov\u00e9 procesy, polariz\u00e1cia elektr\u00f3d, koncentra\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, kor\u00f3zia kovov a pasivita. Chemick\u00e1 kinetika – typy reakci\u00ed, reak\u010dn\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165, molekularita a poriadok reakcie, reakcie r\u00f4znych poriadkov, simult\u00e1nne reakcie – druhy, re\u0165azov\u00e9 reakcie, te\u00f3rie reak\u010dnej r\u00fdchlosti, vplyv teploty na r\u00fdchlos\u0165 reakcie. Katal\u00fdza – homog\u00e9nna a heterog\u00e9nna, acidob\u00e1zick\u00e1 katal\u00fdza.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara:<\/strong>1. V. Atkins : Fyzik\u00e1lna ch\u00e9mia, Vydav. STU, Bratislava 1999.
2. V. Kell\u00f6, A. Tk\u00e1\u010d : Fyzik\u00e1lna ch\u00e9mia, Alfa, Bratislava 1972.
3. W.J. Moore : Fysik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie, SNTL, Praha 1979, 1981.<\/p>\n

Didaktika ch\u00e9mie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Didaktick\u00fd syst\u00e9m v s\u00fa\u010dasnej \u0161kolskej koncepcii. Nov\u00e9 trendy v\u00fdu\u010dby ch\u00e9mie u n\u00e1s a v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Ch\u00e9mia ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Environment\u00e1lne vzdel\u00e1vanie v ch\u00e9mii.\u00a0 V\u00fdznam a funkcia u\u010debn\u00fdch \u00faloh vo vyu\u010dovan\u00ed ch\u00e9mie. V\u00fdber a \u0161truktur\u00e1cia ch\u00e9mie. Prostriedky spr\u00edstup\u0148ovania u\u010diva ch\u00e9mie. Formy a met\u00f3dy v\u00fdu\u010dby ch\u00e9mie. V\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e1 technika vo v\u00fdu\u010dbe ch\u00e9mie. Chemick\u00e9 v\u00fdu\u010dbov\u00e9 programy. Internet vo v\u00fdu\u010dbe ch\u00e9mie. Didaktika u\u010diva periodick\u00e1 s\u00fastava prvkov. Koncepcia uvedenia PZ a PSP a ich optim\u00e1lne zaradenie do u\u010diva. Didaktick\u00fd syst\u00e9m u\u010diva anorganickej ch\u00e9mie a jeho rozvrhnutie do \u00farovne Z\u0160 a Gymn\u00e1zia. Didaktika organickej ch\u00e9mie. Ch\u00e9mia zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn uhl\u00edka.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fara :<\/strong>
1. Pachman E., Hofmann V.: Obecn\u00e1 didaktika ch\u00e9mie, SPN, Praha 1981.
2. Smik L. a kol.:\u00a0 \u0160peci\u00e1lna didaktika ch\u00e9mie. U\u010debn\u00fd text I.a II., UPJ\u0160 1984.
3. Pachman E. a kol.: Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed didaktika ch\u00e9mie, SPN, Praha 1986.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160tudijn\u00e9 predmety s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 do skupiny povinn\u00fdch a volite\u013en\u00fdch predmetov. Uch\u00e1dza\u010d si vyberie dva \u0161tudijn\u00e9 predmety, z ktor\u00fdch aspo\u0148 jeden mus\u00ed by\u0165 zo skupiny povinn\u00fdch predmetov. Povinn\u00e9 predmety Anorganick\u00e1 ch\u00e9mia At\u00f3m a jeho \u0161trukt\u00fara, elektr\u00f3nov\u00e1 konfigur\u00e1cia, prirodzen\u00e1 a umel\u00e1 r\u00e1dioaktivita. Modely at\u00f3mu, kvantov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla. Periodick\u00fd syst\u00e9m prvkov, periodick\u00fd z\u00e1kon. Chemick\u00e1 v\u00e4zba a medzimolekulov\u00e9 sily, Chemick\u00e1 … \u010c\u00edta\u0165 \u010falej<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":17187,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"acf":{"acf_link_na_externy_obsah":""},"yoast_head":"\nPredmety rigor\u00f3znej sk\u00fa\u0161ky - Ch\u00e9mia - Pr\u00edrodovedeck\u00e1 fakulta | UPJ\u0160<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upjs.sk\/prirodovedecka-fakulta\/studium\/dalsie-vzdelavanie\/predmety-rigoroznej-skusky-chemia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Predmety rigor\u00f3znej sk\u00fa\u0161ky - Ch\u00e9mia - Pr\u00edrodovedeck\u00e1 fakulta | UPJ\u0160\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0160tudijn\u00e9 predmety s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 do skupiny povinn\u00fdch a volite\u013en\u00fdch predmetov. 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